Week 2

Question 1

Father of Nuclear Physics

Answer 1

Ernest Rutherford

Question 2

Structure of an Atom:

Answer 2

• Electron Orbits
• Nucleus
• Proton
• Neutron
• Electron

Question 3

Structure of an Atom: proton + electron

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Structure of an Atom: + charged

Answer 4

Proton

Question 5

Structure of an Atom: - charged

Answer 5

Electron

Question 6

Structure of an Atom: no charge

Answer 6

Neutron

Question 7

A/Z/X: mass number

Answer 7

A

Question 8

A/Z/X: atomic number

Answer 8

Z

Question 9

A/Z/X: element

Answer 9

X

Question 10

nuclides having the same mass number

Answer 10

Isobars

Question 11

nuclides having the same number of protons

Answer 11

Isotopes

Question 12

nuclides having the same number of neutrons

Answer 12

Isotones

Question 13

Stable/ Unstable: n/p = 1

Answer 13

Stable

Question 14

Stable/ Unstable: n/p > 1

Answer 14

Unstable

Question 15

stability; conversion of mass into energy

Answer 15

Radioactive Decay

Question 16

Modes of Decay:

Answer 16

• alpha decay
  -beta decay (isobaric transition)
  beta (electron emission)
  beta (positron emission)
• electron capture
• gamma decay (isomeric transition)

Question 17

proton -> neutron

Answer 17

• -1

Question 18

neutron -> proton

Answer 18

+ 1

Question 19

a proton inside the nucleus is converted into a neutron by capturing an electron from one of the atomic shells

Answer 19

Electron Capture

Question 20

decay of an excited state to a lower energy or ground state

Answer 20

Gamma Decay

Question 21

the time interval for a given number of nuclei (or their radioactivity) to decay to one-half of the original value

Answer 21

Half-life

Question 22

t 1/2 of P > t 1/2 of D

Answer 22

Transient Equilibrium

Question 23

t 1/2 of P&raquo_space; t 1/2 of D

Answer 23

Secular Equilibrium

Question 24

the probability of disappearance of a radiopharmaceutical from a biologic system

Answer 24

Effective Half-life (Teff)

Question 25

a collection of experimental information regarding the modes and frequency of decay, process of decay, energy of different radiations emitted, half-life, and other information of interest for a given radionuclide

Answer 25

Decay Scheme

Question 26

the number of disintegrations of a sample of nuclei (atoms) per unit of time (decay rate)

Answer 26

Activity (A)

Question 27

SI unit of activity corresponding to disintegration per second

Answer 27

[Bq] Becquerel

Question 28

Historical unit of activity, corresponding to the activity of 1 gram of pure 226Ra

Answer 28

[Ci] Curie

Question 29

He discovered Radioactivity in 1896

Answer 29

Henri Becquerel

Question 30

the ability of photons to ionize air

Answer 30

Exposure (E)

Question 31

SI unit; the number of y required to produce 1 coulomb of electrical charge in 1 kg of air

Answer 31

[C/kg] Coulombs/kilogram

Question 32

Historical unit; the number of y required to produce 2.58x10^-4 coulombs of electrical charge in 1 kg of air

Answer 32

[R] Roentgen

Question 33

energy absorbed per unit mass of medium

Answer 33

Absorbed Dose

Question 34

SI unit; deposition of 1 joule (energy) per kilogram of material

Answer 34

[Gy] Gray

Question 35

Historical unit; deposition of 100 ergs (energy) per gram of material

Answer 35

[rad] Radiation Absorbed Dose

Question 36

biological measure of damage

Answer 36

Equivalent Dose

Question 37

SI unit; 1[Sv] = wR*1[Gy]

Answer 37

[Sv] Sievert

Question 38

Historical unit; 1[rem] = wR*1[rad]

Answer 38

[rem] Radiation Equivalent Man