Week 1

Question 0

How many amputees are major UE amputees?

Answer 0

41,000

Question 1

What is the total number of UE amputees excluding fingers?

Answer 1

1,400,000

Question 2

What percent of amputations are upper extremity amputations?

Answer 2

2.9%

Question 3

What percent of UE amputations are hand amputations?

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

What percent of UE amputations are wrist disarticulation amputations?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

What percent of UE amputations are trans-radial amputations?

Answer 5

31%

Question 6

What percent of UE amputations are elbow disarticulations?

Answer 6

7%

Question 7

What percent of UE amputations are trans-humeral amputations?

Answer 7

28%

Question 8

What percent of UE amputations are shoulder disarticulations?

Answer 8

7%

Question 9

What percent of UE amputations are forequarter amputations?

Answer 9

2%

Question 10

What percent of UE amputations are congenital?

Answer 10

60%

Question 11

What percent of UE amputations are due to cancer?

Answer 11

24%

Question 12

What percent of UE amputations are due to trauma?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

What percent of UE amputations are dysvascular?

Answer 13

2%

Question 14

What occurred in history to children with congenital abnormalities?

Answer 14

Infants were disposed of because they thought it was an act of vengeance by the gods upon the parent.

Question 15

Till what date did amputations occur only as a last result for gangrene?

Answer 15

Till 100 A.D.

Question 16

Who used the amputation procedure around 100A.D.?

Answer 16

Archigenes and Heliodorus used it for ulcers, tumors, injuries, and deformities. They used circumferential compression above the operative site on the healthy tissue.

Question 17

What occurred in the 14th century to increase the amount of amputations?

Answer 17

The development of gunpowder.

Question 18

When was the first recorded use of a tourniquet for hemorrhage control?

Answer 18

1674 by French army surgeon Etienne Morel

Question 19

Who developed a tourniquet device to stop bleeding during amputation?

Answer 19

Jean Louis Petit in 1718

Question 20

What made a surgeon good in the 17th century?

Answer 20

Speedy amputations for anesthetized patients

Question 21

What are the four types of current amputation closures?

Answer 21

Myofascial closure
Myoplasty
Myodesis
Tenodesis

Question 22

What is myofascial closure?

Answer 22

Encases the bone and transected muscle by closing the fascial envelope over the top of the muscle. Does not stabilize the muscle due to lack of distal attachment.

Question 23

What is myoplasty?

Answer 23

Surgeon positions muscle over the distal end of the bone and attaches to the opposing muscle. Muscle can shift and cause pain on distal end.

Question 24

What is myodesis?

Answer 24

Individual muscle groups are directly attached to the periosteum of the bone.

Question 25

What is tenodesis?

Answer 25

Firm distal attachment of the severed tendon to the bone. Often not anatomically possible- only possible when the muscle belly is not transected and the tendon is intact.

Question 26

Which is the least stable amputation technique?

Answer 26

Myofascial closure

Question 27

Which is the most stable amputation technique?

Answer 27

Tenodesis

Question 28

What are the three categories for prehension?

Answer 28

Precision Power Coal hammer

Question 29

What are the six types of prehension?

Answer 29

``` Tip Cylindrical Lateral Palmer Hook Spherical ```

Question 30

When is the krukenberg procedure performed?

Answer 30

On bilateral amputees Blind 3rd world countries

Question 31

What are the advantages of a wrist disarticulation?

Answer 31

Patient maintains pronation and supination | More pressure can be tolerated on distal aspect of limb

Question 32

What is the disadvantage of a wrist disarticulation?

Answer 32

Wrist unit and hand length are more difficult to match contralateral limb.

Question 33

What are the advantages of a longer trans-radial amputation?

Answer 33

More control over prosthetic | More area to decrease pressure on the limb

Question 34

What are the advantages of an elbow disarticulation?

Answer 34

Trimlines can be shorter on the socket. | Epicondyles can be utilized for suspension.

Question 35

What type of system can be used for a transhumeral amputation?

Answer 35

Duel cable system (fair-lead cable system) Different movements allow for elbow flexion and extension others for opening and closing the terminal device More maintenance is required

Question 36

What type of device can be used by a bilateral shoulder disarticulation amputee?

Answer 36

A nudge control device- patient nudges control with their chin which allows the elbow to lock or unlock.

Question 37

What are the disadvantages of a forequarter amputation?

Answer 37

Loss of balance Prosthetic use is more difficult due to loss of muscle and proximal arm for control Lower compliance/use rate

Question 38

What distinguishes an acquired amputation compared to a congenital?

Answer 38

It's a result of trauma or cancer | Adjustment process is crucial for family and child

Question 39

What distinguishes a congenital amputee compared to a acquired?

Answer 39

Results from ABS or idiopathic in origin No amputation, so the prosthetic is viewed as an aid Higher chance of rejection of prosthesis.

Question 40

What are the three etiologies of congenital patients?

Answer 40

Amniotic Band Syndrome Longitudinal Deficiency Transverse Deficiency

Question 41

What are considered mild complications of amniotic band syndrome?

Answer 41

syndactyly | amputations of fingers or toes

Question 42

What are considered severe complications of amniotic band syndrome?

Answer 42

clubbed feet | limb amputations

Question 43

What does ISO represent?

Answer 43

International organization for standard

Question 44

What is longitudinal deficiency?

Answer 44

Absence extending parallel with the long axis of the limb, either pre-axial, postaxial or central in nature.

Question 45

What is Transverse deficiency?

Answer 45

The limb has developed normally to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist

Question 46

Who created another method for recording deficiencies?

Answer 46

Day created the Day Method when working with ISP.