Week 1 Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
Arms near sides, palms facing forward
The anatomical position is a standard reference point for anatomical terminology.
What are the terms used to describe locations relative to the midline?
Lateral & medial
Lateral means away from the midline, while medial means closer to the midline.
What do the terms proximal and distal refer to?
Proximal means closer to the point of attachment, distal means farther away
These terms are often used in relation to limbs.
What do the terms superior and inferior refer to?
Superior means above, inferior means below
These terms apply to the head, neck, and trunk.
What do deep and superficial mean in anatomical terms?
Deep = structures closer to the interior of the body, superficial = structures closer to the exterior surface
These terms help describe the relative depth of structures.
What is the definition of anterior and posterior?
Anterior refers to the front, posterior refers to the back
These terms help locate structures in relation to the body’s front and back.
What does the transverse/horizontal plane divide?
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
This plane is also known as the cross-sectional plane.
What does the frontal/coronal plane divide?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
This plane is used to describe the front and back sections of the body.
What does the sagittal plane divide?
Divides the body into left and right parts
The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.
The knee is ______ to the hip.
distal
This indicates that the knee is farther from the point of attachment than the hip.
The sternum is _____ to the ribs.
medial
This indicates that the sternum is closer to the midline of the body than the ribs.
The ______ plane divides you into right and left parts.
sagittal
The sagittal plane is essential for anatomical orientation.
The elbow is ______ to the wrist.
proximal
This indicates that the elbow is closer to the torso than the wrist.
What are the main functions of bones?
Support, storage of minerals and lipids, protection, blood cell production, leverage
These functions highlight the critical roles bones play in the body.
What is the outer membrane of a bone called?
Periosteum
The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones.
What are the classifications of joints based on motion?
Synarthrosis (no motion), amphiarthrosis (a little motion), diarthrosis (most motion)
These classifications help in understanding joint mobility.
What are the classifications of joints based on structure?
No movement: Bony, fibrous, cartilaginous
Movement: Synovial
These structural classifications provide a framework for understanding joint types.
What type of muscle is regulated by the heart’s pacemaker?
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and unique to the heart.
What type of muscle is found in arteries, digestive, and urinary tracts?
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is also involuntary and controls various involuntary actions.
What type of muscle produces skeletal movement?
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control and is attached to bones.
What is the origin of a muscle?
Muscle fibers connecting to a point of stationary bone. It connects a muscle to the most proximal bone.
The origin is the point where a muscle attaches to a stationary bone.
What is the insertion of a muscle?
The point where the muscle attaches to the bone that moves whilst crossing a joint. It connects a muscle to the most distal bone.
The insertion moves toward the origin during muscle contraction.
What are prime movers or agonists?
Muscles that perform the intended motions
These muscles contract while antagonists relax.
What is the function of antagonists in muscle movement?
They perform opposite motions and relax while the prime mover contracts
This coordination allows for smooth movement.
