week 1

Question 1

motor development definition

Answer 1

the changes in motor behavior across the lifespan and the processes which underlie these changes

Question 2

development

Answer 2

describes the change

*observe behavior and describe it

Question 3

process

Answer 3

adaption to heredity, growth, environment, and experiences

*why can we see changes?

Question 4

motor learning

Answer 4

related to experience and practice (usually minutes, hours, practice trials)

Question 5

motor learning vs motor development

Answer 5

motor learning takes minutes hours, practice trials

motor development takes months and years

Question 6

is age a cause of motor development?

Answer 6

no

*on your 5th birthday, you don’t just learn how to skip

Question 7

heredity

Answer 7

passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

*nature

Question 8

maturation

Answer 8

the process of development that occurs as we grow and change

*going towards final pattern

Question 9

experience

Answer 9

knowledge or skill derived from from direct observation of or participation in events or in a particular activity

*environment we grow up in, nurture

Question 10

learning

Answer 10

process that results in a change in knowledge or behavior as a result of experience

Question 11

readiness

Answer 11

a point where a child is physically, mentally, and socially ready to learn a new skill

Question 12

growth

Answer 12

actual physical, biological, and neurological changes (increase in size)

Question 13

phylogenetic skills

Answer 13

motor skills that are common to all members of a species (walking)

Question 14

ontogenetic skills

Answer 14

motor skills that are unique to the individual (shooting a basketball)

*based on behavior

Question 15

what are determinants of change?

Answer 15

biological heritage (nature)

environment (nurture)

Question 16

motor skill development is…

Answer 16

sequential

cumulative

similar for all children

rate/choices are individualized

Question 17

sequential

Answer 17

certain motor patterns precede others in a set order

Question 18

cumulative

Answer 18

current motor behaviors are built on previous ones

Question 19

periods of motor development

Answer 19

reflexive
pre-adaptive
fundamental motor skills
task-specific motor skills
skilled motor behavior
compensation

Question 20

reflexive period

Answer 20

prenatal to neonatal

motor behaviors are “reflexive”

survival reflexes (rooting sucking, grasping, Moro)

Question 21

pre-adaptive period

Answer 21

2 weeks to 1 year

cessation (disappearance) of reflexes

begin voluntary control

active exploration

“predisposition” for certain behaviors

changes due to gravity and practice

Question 22

key systems of pre-adaptive period

Answer 22

postural (period when walking culminates)

manipulative (culminates in self-feeding)

Question 23

fundamental motor skill period

Answer 23

1 to 7 years

skills that are fundamental like running, throwing, skipping

building blocks

affect later development

patterns change (rudimentary to skilled)

Question 24

key fundamental skills

Answer 24

locomotor; walk, run, jump, gallop, hop, skip

manipulative; throw, catch, kick, strike

Question 25

task-specific motor skills period

Answer 25

7 years to 12 years use fundamental skills in task specific way, like applying to sports combine several fundamental skills

Question 26

proficiency barrier

Answer 26

idea that if you do not mast fundamental skills, you will not have the skills to play sports when you are in middle/high school and as an adult

Question 27

skilled motor behavior period

Answer 27

12 years to early adulthood skills become automatic efficient (minimize effort; integrate)

Question 28

compensation period

Answer 28

all ages, primarily adult adapting to acute or chronic problems something breaks down, adapt to it *strategy