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Maternal OB > Week 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 signs of pregnancy

A
  1. PRESUMPTIVE signs = indivdual thinks pregnancy
  2. PROBABLE signs = examiner suspects pregnancy
  3. POSITIVE signs = explained only by pregnancy
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2
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening and compressibility of lower uterus
*exam by doctor

*** PROBABLE SIGN

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3
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

violet blue color of cervix & vaginal mucosa due to increased blood flow and estrgen

**PROBABLE SIGN

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4
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

softening of the cervical tip - mucus plug
**PROBABLE SIGN

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5
Q

colostrum begins developing

A

at 16 weeks and up to 3 to 5 days after birth

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6
Q

hormones ovaries secrete
vs hormones breasts secrete

A

ovaries = progesterone
breasts = estrogen & prolactin

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7
Q

Braxton Hick’s

A

irregular and false contractions with pain relieved by walking

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8
Q

quickening

A

fetus movement
16 to 20 weeks

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9
Q

best side for pregnant women to lay

A

LEFT side
relieves pressure on organs

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10
Q

cardiac changes in pregnancy

A

pulse rate increases 10bpm faster
diastolic decreases in wks 24-32
increased clotting factor
12-20 wks = systolic murmur
increased blood volume and RBC volume

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11
Q

psuedoanemia in pregnancy

A

result of increased plasma = hemodilution = lower hgb & hct

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12
Q

supine hypotension

A

result of position leading to fetal hypoxia

dizziness, light-headedness, pallor, and clammy skin

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13
Q

respiratory changes during pregnancy

A

increased respiratory rate
decreased total lung capacity
diaphragm elevates by 4cm
SOB is common

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14
Q

relaxin hormone

A

relaxes round ligaments on the ribs and rib cage making it easier to breath

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15
Q

GI changes during pregnancy

A

increased appetite
constipation (bc hormones)
gallstones
acid reflux
bleeding gums
excess salivation

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16
Q

cholasma

A

increased pigmentation of the face

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17
Q

linea nigra

A

dark line from the top of fundus to symphysis pubis

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18
Q

striae gravidum

A

stretch marks

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19
Q

diastasis recti

A

separation of muscles 28 to 30 weeks

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20
Q

normal weight gain during pregnancy

A

25 to 35 pounds

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21
Q

symptoms of pregnancy

A

n / v / fatigue / SOB
heartburn
constipation - hemorrhoids
backaches
ginigvitis
nose bleeds,
varicose veins & lower edema
uti
urinary frequency
breast tenderness

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22
Q

Leopold maneuver

A

palpation of fetal position

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23
Q

ballottement

A

amniotic fluid bounce of fetus

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24
Q

couvade syndrome

A

father/partner exhibits symptoms of pregnancy

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25
reproductive systems are similar for the first
6 weeks
26
primary sex characteristics vs secondary sex characteristics
primary = directly responsible for reproduction - vagina & testes secondary = other systems - breast development
27
Bartholian glands
lubricate the vagina and the cervix
28
fundus
top of the uterus - where strong contractions originate
29
boggy fundus
inidicates bleeding priority = massage or empty bladder
30
where does fertilization occur
AMPULLA - in fallopian tubes
31
divisions of the uterus
C.I.C corpus (top) isthmus (middle) cervix (bottom)
32
layers of the uterus
perimetrium (outer) myometrium (middle) endometrium (inner & what sheds)
33
Ovarian Cycle
1. Follicular phase - 1st day of menstruation = 1st day of cycle 2. Ovulatory phase 3. Luteal phase
34
phases of Endometrial cycle
1. Proliferative Phase (1st half) 2. Secretory Phase (last half) 3. Menstrual Phase
35
follicular phase
before ovulation = before egg is released increase in GnRh (hypothalamus) & FSH & LH (ant.pit) *FIRST day of menstruation to 14 days
36
Luteal Phase
ovulation = beginning corpus luteum releases estrogen & progesterone to thicken endometrium & decrease FSH & LH to help fertilize egg
37
Spinnbarkeitt
elasticity of cervical mucus to avoid promoting infection
38
karyotype
complete set of chromosomes
39
genotype vs phenotype
genotype = genes phenotype = observable traits
40
Folic Acid requirement before pregnancy vs after
before = 400mcg after = 600 mcg
41
Turner Syndrome
missing chromosome on 46 *Monosomy *X-linked recessive trait - inherit one chromosomefrom each parent
42
Trisomy results in
**extra chromosome Kleinfelter syndrome = 47 Downsyndrome = 21
43
function of corpus luteum
releases estrogen & progesterone to thicken endometrium & decrease FSH & LH to help fertilize egg
44
pre-embryonic period
first 2 weeks after conception entry of zygote into the uterus
45
embryonic period
weeks 3 through 8 major organs develop - differentiate external genitals heart rate us detectable by transvaginal ultrasound
46
fetal period
weeks 9 - 38
47
ways to relieve back pain during pregnancy
use proper body mechanics perform the pelvic rock exercise every day
48
ultrasound doppler can detect a heartbeat at
weeks 9 - 12
49
shiny schultz of the placenta
is the fetal side
50
oligohydroamnios vs hydramnio
oligo = less than 50 % of expected amniotic fluid for gestation (<400ml) hydro = > 2000ml of amniotic fluidv
51
veins and arteries in the umbilical cord
2 arteries 1 vein (placenta to fetus)
52
pregnancy visits should occur
monthly between 16 to 28 weeks every 2 weeks between week 29 to 36 weekly weeks 36+
53
underweight pregnant patients should gain
28 to 40 pounds
54
overweight pregnant patient should gain
15 to 25 pounds
55
pregnancy calories per day
2200 to 2900 2nd tri = +340 calories/day 3rd tri = +452 calories/day
56
pregnancy protein intake should be
71 g per day
57
iron intake should be
27 mg/day between meals w vitamin C w stool softner
58
calcium intake should be
1000 to 1300 mg/day
59
in the first trimester a patient should gain no more than
2-4 pounds
60
examples of foods high in calcium
dark leafy green vegetables nuts legumes fortified OJ soy milk
61
patients who are lactating should consume an additional
450 to 500 calories per day
62
Nagele's Rule
estimated date of deliver FIRST day of last menstrual cycle - 3months + 7 days & change the year
63
gravida
number of pregnancies
64
nulli - primi - multi-
nulli = never primi = first multi = prego more than 1x
65
para
of pregnancies that ended at 20 weeks or before (miscarriages?)
66
G.T.P.A.L.
G = gravidity = pregnancies including current T = # TERM pregnancies (37wks +) P = # PRETERM pregnancies (less than 36 wks) A= # of abortions L = # of living children
67
fundal height is measured
at 20 weeks then its size should = dates of pregnancy +- 2 weeks
68
RhO(D) immune globulin vaccine is administered at
28 weeks test at 20 weeks
69
intervention for labor pain felt in the back
counter-pressure on the sacrum
70
glucosuria in urine
is considered a normal variation
71
external abdominal ultrasound the patient
should have a full bladder
72
V.E.A.L / C.H.O.P. / M.I.N.E
***FHR pattern V = variable deceleration E = early deceleration A = Acceleration L = late deceleration ****CAUSE C = Cord compression H = head compression O = okay P = placental insufficiency ***INTERVENTION M = maternal reposition I = ID labor progress N = no intervention E = execute interventions
73
V.E.A.L.
*** readings of FHR V - variable deceleration E - early deceleration A - acceleration L - late deceleration
74
CHOP
***causes C = cord compression H = head compression O = Okay! P = placental insufficiency
75
MINE
**interventions M = maternal reposition I = ID labor progress N - no interventions E = execute intervention
76
count to 10
ten movements in 1 to 2 hours
77
test to measure fetal movement on fetal heart activity
non-stress test **reactive is 2 or more accelerations within 20 minutes ** nonreactive if fewer than 2 in 40 minutes
78
biophysical profile assess
fetal breathing fetal tone gross body movements amnitotic fluid volume SCRE OF 8 TO 10 less than 4 = asphyxia
79
contraction stress test
measures if baby can tolerate labor NEGATIVE IS GOOD = well-being
80
fetal bradycardia & intervention
less than 110 bpm change position administer O2 / iv fluids stop oxytocin
81
fetal tachycardia & interventions
> 160 bpm **due to infection admin anti-pyretic & O2 / iv fluids
82

Maternal OB (8 decks)

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