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Antifungals > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are on parasitic fungi?

A

Haustoria

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1
Q

What is produced by asexual and sexual reproduction of fungi?

A

Spore from sexual

Conidia from asexual

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2
Q

Mechanism of polyenes

A

Bind ergosterol creating holes in the membrane

Fungicidal

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3
Q

What are polyenes

A

Amphortericin B and nystatin

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4
Q

Spectrum of polyenes

A

Broad - used for invasive systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients both yeast and molds

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5
Q

Distribution of polyenes

A

Long half life and liposomal form can cross BBB

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6
Q

Adverse effects of polyenes

A

Nystatin is topical

Can bind cholesterol. Decreases renal blood flow 80% of patients have nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

What are the azoles

A

Fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole

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8
Q

Mechanism of azoles

A

Binds fungal p450 enzyme blocking the production of ergosterol. Fungi static

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9
Q

Spectrum of azoles

A

Most widely used and spectrum varies by agent

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10
Q

Distribution of azoles

A

Orally available though acids/pop help with absorption of itraconazole and ketoconazole

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11
Q

Toxicity of azoles

A

Drug-drug interactions hepatotoxicity neurotoxicity and hormone altering. No pregnancy

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12
Q

Resistance of azoles

A

Altered p 450 enzyme

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13
Q

Terbinafine (lamisil) - allylamines mechanism

A

Fungicidal - inhibits squalene epoxidase and leads to accumulation of squalene

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14
Q

Spectrum of terbinafine

A

Dermatophytes

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15
Q

Toxicity of terbinafine

A

It’s topical. Maybe with cyp2d6 substrates

16
Q

Resistance to terbinafine

A

Rare

17
Q

Flucytosine mechanism

A

Messes with DNA and RNA synthesis - fungistatic

18
Q

Spectrum of flucytosine

A

Narrow …yeast candidia albicans and cryptococcus

19
Q

Distribution of flucytosine

A

Oral, penetrates CNS

20
Q

Toxicity of flucytosine

A

Only partially selective for yeast…can lead to bone marrow suppression

21
Q

Resistance of flucytosine

A

Loss of converting enzyme or transporters

22
Q

Mechanism of griseofulvin

A

Binds micro tubules (fungistatic)

23
Q

Spectrum of griseofulvin

A

Dermatophytes

24
Q

Distribution of griseofulvin

A

Lipids increase oral absorption

25
Q

Toxicity of griseofulvin

A

Teratogenic (pregnancy)

26
Q

Resistance to griseofulvin

A

Change in beta tubulin (need to take for months)

27
Q

Caspofungin mechanism

A

Cell wall inhibitor blocks syn of beta 1,3 glucan polysaccharide
Fungistatic aspergillus
Fungicidal candida

28
Q

Spectrum of caspofungin

A

Systemic Candida albicans

29
Q

Distribution of caspofungin

A

IV, can’t penetrate CNS

30
Q

Resistance to caspofungin

A

Change in 1,3 bgp synthase gene

Antifungals (1 decks)

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