Week 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Communalism
Science info shared publicly
Universalism
Attributes of researcher not relevant to judging their research
Dis-interestedness
Scientists need to be objective when evaluating
Organised scepticism
Findings must be scrutinised through peer review and replication
Occams Razor OR Parsimony
If two explanations explain something equally well we should generally select the more simple one.
connectivity principal
Scientific knowledge is cumulative
New findings should
-build upon…
-or challenge…
Earlier findings.
Converging evidence
Research is convergent when experiments consistently support given theory & collectively/consistently eliminate competing explanations.
Structuralism
Aim; identify basic structures of psychological experiences-introspection.
Hard to quantify/measure.
Functionalism
Aim; Why the mind works as it does-as opposed to how.
Charles Darwin-adaptive thinking, how thoughts/behaviour serve evolutionary advancement.
Psychoanalysis
(Freud) Unconscious processes/underlying behaviour. ID (desires) EGO (mediates/realistic) SUPEREGO (moral)
Defence mechanisms due to ego
Behaviouralism
(Watson & Skinner)
Aim: uncovers general principals of learning that underly behaviour.
Rewards vs. punishments
Operant conditioning
Biological approachs
How learning history acts on genetics to shape current behaviour.
Modify rewards & punishment to sub maladaptive for adaptive behaviour.
Cognitive approach
How we take in, mentally rep and store information.
How we perceive, process that info–and how this affects behaviour.
Humanistic
View behaviour as controlled by decisions that people make about their lives based on world perceptions.
Focus on positive behaviours-how we can harness.
