Week 1-4

Question 1

Define: Research

Answer 1

A way to gather information and to make a sound decision or judgement or develop new knowledge

Question 2

Define: Evidence

Answer 2

Everything that may be used to determine or demonstrate an assertion of truth

Question 3

Define: Evidence-Based Practice

Answer 3

The integration of the best research evidence with clinical (or professional) expertise and our patient (or client/population’s) unique values and circumstances

Question 4

Define: Cognitive Bias

Answer 4

Is a breach of critical thinking

Question 5

What are the 3 main problems EBP has developed to manage

Answer 5

Cognitive Bias
Information Overload
Information Uncertainty

Question 6

Define: Philosophy

Answer 6

Philosophy asks the big questions of life such as existence, values, meaning and knowledge

Question 7

Define: Epistemology

Answer 7

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge (how do we know what we know?)

Question 8

Define: Logic

Answer 8

Logic is a branch of epistemology and is the study of reasoning

Question 9

Reasoning involves thinking or believing in such a way that you can give true or probable evidence…

Answer 9

(1) that sufficiently supports your view
(2) about what is wrong with beliefs that oppose or challenge your view

Question 10

Name the skills/criteria used in Critical Thinking

Answer 10

Interpreting
Evaluating
Analysing
Synthesising
Reasoning

Question 11

Define the attributes: System 1 Thinking

Answer 11

is fast, intuitive and emotional
easy and comfortable
snap judgements and decisions (conclusion first)
Uses heuristics to make decisions

Question 12

Define the attributes: System 2 Thinking

Answer 12

• is slower in order to override snap judgement
• to think critically we might need to check facts
• is deliberate and more logical (reasoning first)
• Require attention
• but more intellectual effort

Question 13

Which system of thinking allows more cognitive bias

Answer 13

System 1

Question 14

Which system of thinking reduces of cognitive bias

Answer 14

System 2

Question 15

Define: eminence-based practice

Answer 15

professionals continue to practice as they first learned

Question 16

What are the 5 steps in EBP process?

Answer 16

1) Formulate: the question
2) Search: the evidence
3) Appraise: the evidence
4) Apply: the evidence with clinical expertise & patients values/circumstances
5) Evaluate: the outcome & process

Question 17

Define the purpose: PICO

Answer 17

• Focuses search strategy
• Reduces time needed to find evidence
• Sources relevant evidence
• Focuses reading which also saves time

Question 18

Define: PICO

Answer 18

P- population/patient/problem
I- intervention (or cause/diagnostic test)
C- comparison
O- outcome/s of interest

Question 19

What are primary sources?

Answer 19

Original research/studies

Question 20

What are secondary sources?

Answer 20

they might include, refer to, combine original research studies

Question 21

What do guidelines and summaries sources do?

Answer 21

they evaluate and present the best evidence for a topic

Question 22

What are the 6 types of research questions

Answer 22

Intervention
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Aetiology
Screening
Experiences

Question 23

Describe Qualitative research

Answer 23

• provides findings in words

- used for questions about experiences

Question 24

Describe Quantitative research

Answer 24

• provides findings in numbers

- usually needed for studies about interventions, diagnostic tests, screenings aetiology

Question 25

When do we use Quantitative research?

Answer 25

when we need to determine - if something works - if something causes - if something detects or predicts

Question 26

Define: Mixed methods

Answer 26

uses both quantitative and qualitative research techniques to address questions more broadly

Question 27

(Qualitative research) What is the focus of Phenomenology?

Answer 27

the lived experience of participants

Question 28

(Qualitative research) What is the focus of Ethnography?

Answer 28

studies cultures and sub-cultures

Question 29

(Qualitative research) Describe Grounded theory

Answer 29

often used when the topic is about change or nature of findings are unclear - flexible and exploratory - generates questions along the way

Question 30

Define: in-virto

Answer 30

in the laboratory

Question 31

Define: vivisection

Answer 31

research performed with animals

Question 32

Give an example: Truncation

Answer 32

* | disease*= diseases, diseased

Question 33

Give an example: Wildcard

Answer 33

? Wom?n= women, woman

Question 34

What is the purpose of truncation?

Answer 34

It provides variations of words- usually at the end of a word eg. stretch*, stretching, stretches

Question 35

What is the purpose of Wildcards?

Answer 35

They allow you to search for plurals or spelling variations of words. Can either be used at the beginning or end of a word to substitute ONE letter. eg. Wom?n- woman, women Behavio?r- behaviour, behavior