Week 1 Flashcards

(16 cards)

1
Q

What is the study of sociology

A

Sociology is the systematic and scientific study of society, social structure, and social change through the application of the scientific method

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2
Q

What are two designs most commonly used in sociology?

A

(1) Surveys and (2) secondary sources

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3
Q

What are three sociological theoretical perspectives?

A

(1) Functionalist, (2) conflict, and (3) interactionist

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4
Q

Functionalist Theory

A
  • Society is a system of interrelated parts which each part performing a certain function that keeps the system in balance.
  • Social stratification is necessary for society to fill important positions.
  • Dysfunctions occur within society which results in a disruption of society; but the emphasis is on stability and consensus
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5
Q

August Comte (1798 -1857) Functionalist

A
  • Coined the term sociology.
  • Defined sociology as the study of social statics and social dynamics.
  • Argued that sociology could be used to reform society.
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6
Q

Émile Durkheim (1858 – 1917) Functionalist

A
  • Developed the theory of functionalism.
  • Argued that sociology should be used to reform society.
  • Developed the ides of anomie.
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7
Q

Talcott Parsons (1902 – 1979) Functionalist

A
  • Major contributor to the development of functionalism.
  • Society is system of interrelated parts.
  • Trained a whole generation of America sociologists, including Robert Merton.
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8
Q

Robert Merton (1910 – 2003) Functionalist

A
  • Major contributor to the development of functionalism.
  • Distinguished between manifest and latent functions.
  • Developed the anomie theory of deviance.
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9
Q

Conflict Theory

A
  • Society is seen as a struggle between groups over important social rewards and resources.
  • Society is maintained not by consensus, but through the forces and coercion.
  • Emphasize social inequalities related to class, gender (feminist theory), and ethnicity/race.
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10
Q

Harriet Martineau (1802 – 1876) Conflict Theorist

A
  • Translated the works of Auguste Comte.
  • Advocated women rights, emancipation of slaves and religious tolerance.
  • Emphasized the importance of class, gender and race in the study of society.
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11
Q

Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) Conflict Theorist

A
  • Developed critical conflict theory.
  • Emphasized the importance of class and class conflict.
  • The purpose of social science was to study society in order to change it.
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12
Q

Max Weber (1864 – 1920) Conflict Theorist

A
  • Developed a multidimensional view of society.
  • Emphasized the importance of Verstehen for the study of individuals in society.
  • Contributed to the understanding of large scale organizations.
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13
Q

Jane Addams (1860 – 1935) Conflict Theorist

A
  • Established Hull House and juvenile court system in Chicago.
  • Sociology should be used to reform society.
  • Took an active role in helping disadvantaged people.
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14
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868 – 1963) Conflict Theorist

A
  • Developed conflict theory especially as it related to race relations.
  • Conducted in-depth studies of African-Americans.
  • Sociological research can assist in the struggle for racial equality.
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15
Q

Interactionist Theory

A
  • Focuses on micro level society – individuals interaction with each other.
  • Through social interaction people arrived at a shared meaning of human activity.
  • Analyzes the meaning of symbols.
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16
Q

Charles H. Cooley (1864 – 1929) Interactionist

A
  • Focused on micro sociology – small groups.
  • Developed the concept of the looking glass self.
  • Emphasized the importance of primary and secondary groups.