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Community Psychology > Week 1-6 > Flashcards

Week 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is community psychology concerned with?

A

The interaction between the individual and their environment. Promote social justice, for the vulnerable, marginalized or oppressed.

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2
Q

The beginning: Kurt Lewin- What did he discover?

A

The effect of environment on behaviour

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3
Q

Chicago School

A

Interactionist sociology and field research

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4
Q

Palo Alto School

A

Origin of systemic therapy. Family can explain mental disorders

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5
Q

Francfort School

A

In response to WW11, social fragmentation

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6
Q

Anti-Psychiatry

A

Questioning the patient/caregiver relationships. Mental illness as a social construct

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7
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

Stop to abusive treatments on psychiatric patients, arrival of anti-psychotics, destigmatizing mental disorders

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8
Q

The Swampscott conference

A
  • Clinicians dissatisfied with traditional approaches to psychology
  • emphasis on community
  • defending the rights of minority groups
  • lead to the creation of community psychology in US
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9
Q

What is a community psychologist?

A

A psychologist who tries to understand, analyze and act on the living conditions of individuals, communities and, more broadly, society through research and collaborative action

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10
Q

Community psychologist: Considering individuals in their environments

A

Analyzing the fit between the individual, their needs and abilities and the resources available

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11
Q

Community Psychologist: Social ecology

A

Understand the mental health of individuals must be understood from eco-systemic perspective

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12
Q

Community Psychologist: Promoting a positive conception of mental health

A

Focus on strengths, skills, and abilities, well-being rather than pathology

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13
Q

Community Psychologist: Guided by the 3 fundamental values

A
  1. well-being
  2. social justice
  3. respect for diversity
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14
Q

Community Psychologist: encourage collaboration and participation

A
  • inclusion of marginalized individuals
  • citizen participation
  • collaboration with organization
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15
Q

Community Psychologist: generating empirical data

A

Current issues, group needs, daily reality

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16
Q

Bio-psycho-social-model

A

George Engel

Integrating psychological and social components into understanding pathologies

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17
Q

BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL strengths and limitations

A

S: Holistic and integrated approach
S: understand the complex links between physical and mental health
L: difficult to implement on clinical level

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18
Q

Ecological Model

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner
Multiple environments and systems that inter-influence independently of the individual

Onto: Individual characteristics
Micro: immediate environment
Meso: Proximal environment
Exo: distal environment
Macro: societal environment
Chrono: evolution of structures and systems

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19
Q

Ecological Model Strengths and weaknesses

A

Strengths
complete and complex
empowerment of individuals in their environments

Weakness
Complexity
difficult to integrate macro and Chrono

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20
Q

James Kelly- Ecological Principles

A
  1. Interdependence
  2. Circular distribution of resources
  3. Adaptation
  4. Succession
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21
Q

Interdependence

A

All systems are interconnected and influence each other

example
- child becomes more assertive: this changes family dynamics

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22
Q

Circular Distribution Of Resources

A

Each level has different resources and potential

Example
Intervention with difficult child should focus on their strengths and his parents as well as his school to circulate between resources and levels

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23
Q

Adaptation

A

Seeking equilibrium in the face of change

examples
when a new baby is born, the whole family readjusts

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24
Q

Succession

A

Communities go through phases of transition and transformation

example
setting up a homeless center. must ensure the needs of community is met as well as future needs

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25
Recovery Approach
Recovery has been defined as a personal and unique process of changing one's attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills and or roles in a way of living a satisfying, hopeful life sense of control over ones life People with lived experiences of mental distress need to feel visible as people
26
Social Determinants of Health
structural determinants and conditions of daily life responsible for a major part of health inequalities between and within countries
27
Commission's 3 main recommendations
1. improve daily living conditions 2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money and resources 3. measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action
28
Cumulative risk model
the more risk factors you encounter, the greater risk of developing a health problem
29
Critical period model
periods during which risk factors have decisive effect
30
Pathway Model
Exposure to a number of factors that lead to trajectories
31
What is communtiy?
A group of people who have a shared sense of identity bound together by common interests and interact in a way that promotes a sense of belonging and interdependence
32
5 characteristics of community
1. Territory by borders 2. shared values 3. public space allowing social interaction 4. support system 5. shared destiny
33
Four types of communities
1. Geographic 2. Psychological 3. Social 4. Communities of interest
34
Existential Community
meaning for and from members (black community)
35
Instrumental community
Function: resistance, opposition, affirmation (BIPOC community)
36
5 types of support
1. Esteem 2. Informational 3. Emotional 4. Network 5. Tangible
37
EMPOWERMENT
EM- Developing generating Power- power, control, capacity to act MENT- Process and outcomes
38
individual empowerment
39
Community empowerment
40
Organizational empowerment
41
Top-down approach
Institutional, unidirectional and procedural Focused on instruction, goals and specific indicators
42
Bottom-up Approach
Collective approach, community, concerted approach focus on needs, assets, capabilities and processes
43
Albert Memmi
The struggle for decolonization must come from the colonized peoples and not from the colonizers
44
Franz Fanon
Black skin, white mask. Internalization of white superiority
45
Paulo Friere
Latin America is no longer colonized but a context of political and economic imperialism
46
Ignacio Martin-Baro
Criticizes social psychology for being disconnected for social contexts 3 foundations - mobilization of mass knowledge - practice of psychology that transforms people - decentering psychology around science
47
Ignacio Martin-Baro
Mechanisms 1. recovering historical memory 2. taking an interest in people;s subjective experience 3. building on peoples capabilities
48
Psychologist role in liberation psychology
support desalination process free individuals from oppression help people understand their reality through critical reflection
49
Liberation psychology is rooted in what?
Social, economic, historical and political contexts
50
Actors in liberation psychology
Do not take transformative active and watch the changes
51
Allies in liberation psychology
Take action in solidarity and challenge status quo
52
Accomplices in liberation psychology
Actively coordinate initiatives to disrupt and challenge status quo
53
Why care about social change?
Inequalities Oppression Repression
54
How can we generate social change?
1. through theory/reflection (Hegel) 2. Through social and political action (Marx) 3. Through Violence (Fanon) 4. Through Education (Freire)
55
Oppression
there are no oppressed without oppressors, the downtrodden are perceived as objected. Oppressed people have the power to transform the structure of oppression
56
Conscientization
The continuous process of developing critical consciousness. The ability to decode and problematize oppressive realities. feel hope and denounce conditions of opression
57
Praxis
The process of transforming oppressive social structures
58
Who is Bell Hooks?
Inspired by Paulo Freire Engaged pedagogy knowledge learning community love and spirituality
59
Bell Hooks Ideas
Theory enables us to think and thus understand Theory is used to describe social reality but also provides tools for modifying that reality Knowledge is not neutral...it reflects privilege and is partial
60
Examples of university oppression
Pro-Palestinian protests Black History Month Land acknowledgements
61
How does the university act as a system of oppression?
Difficult to observe Economic barriers to access Direct violence by people in authority Epistemic violence: certain knowledge is silenced
62
Requests for university
Transparency on the use of tuition fees Mandatory course on the history of colonization Support awareness of collective rights Support student clubs and association
63
Ameliorative interventions
Promote well-being and reduce the adverse consequences of social inequalities. Pragmatic approach to strengthen protective factors
64
Transformative interventions
Change power relationships and oppressive structures. structural approach. Values social justice and emphasizes reducing systemic risk factors
65
Why are values important in community psychology
to be able to define the objectives, questions and issues. Define what is acceptable and what can be studied
66
Success factors for community development
Collaboration, clear mission and common objectives involve all the community, promote democracy, support empowerment, time and patience
67
Community Psychology Roles
Program developer program evaluator capacity builder with organizations policy developer community organizer social action promoter
68
Community psychologists should always remember
to focus on the interactions between individuals and environments aim to generate social change Guided by core values (social justice, equity, diversity, inclusion) Aim at supporting community development
69
Mental health statistics in Canada youth
20% have mental health disorder and 75% do not have access to care
70
Two main approaches to target mental health
Access of mental health care and factors that influence mental health
71
Health promotion- targets
Strengthen well-being, and increasing collective well-being, don't target specific problem, beyond and upstream
72
Ottawa Charter
1. build healthy public policy 2. create supportive environments 3. Strengthen community action 4. develop personal skills 5. reorient health services
73
Prevention definition from community psychology
emphasis on mental health, exceptional attention to excluded populations, analysis of risk and protective factors at different levels
74
Risk factors
any attribute, characteristic or exposure that increases likelihood of developing disease or trauma
75
Protective factors
protective factors neutralize specific risk factors or protect individuals from a number of different risk factors
76
Prevention spectrum
1. Promotion 2. primary prevention 3. secondary prevention 4. Tertiary Prevention 5. Curative intervention
77
What is a program?
1.Responds to a social need/problem 2.Aimed at a specific population 3. According to an approach (universal, targeted, proportionate) 4.Offers services 5. Has objectives 6. Is supported by an organization
77
Universal approach
The program is intended for the entire population
78
Targeted approach
The program is intended for a specific sub-population
79
Universal risks
Access for people with resources
80
Targeted risks
stigmatization
81
Proportionate universalism
The program is adjusted according to the social gradient: not everyone has the same access to the program
82
Implementation Characteristics
Acceptability, fidelity and reach
83
Barriers to implementation
Acceptability, fidelity, reach, contextual feasibility, sustainability
84
Formative evaluation
- Intervention is in progress - Continuous learning -Evaluation of a cycle of intervention - Improvement of practices, readjustments
85
summative evaluation
The intervention is completed (or is in the process of being completed) Evaluate the outcomes (effects, impacts) Accountability to donors and/ or partner
86
Why do we evaluate?
1. Instrumental use 2. persuasive use 3. conceptual use

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