Week 1

Question 1

Who discovered catastrophism

Answer 1

Bishop James usssher

Based on scripture

Question 2

How old did ussher believe the earth was

Answer 2

4004 BC

Question 3

Doctrine of catastrophism

Answer 3

Earths landforms were formed by catastrophic events over short period of time

Occurred due to unknown causes that are no longer present today or

Question 4

Uniformitarianism

Answer 4

“Present is key to the past”

Question 5

James Hutton

Answer 5

“Father of geology”

Says the earth is millions of years old

Published the theory of the earth

Question 6

Who discovered uniformitarianism

Answer 6

James Hutton

Question 7

Primary dating techniques

Answer 7

Relative: Age of one feature relative to another

Numerical: absolute age, (radiometric dating)

Question 8

6 relative age dating principles

Answer 8

1. Uniformitarianism
2. Superposition
3. Original horizontality
4. Cross cutting relations
5. Inclusions
6. Fossil succession

Question 9

Law of superposition

Answer 9

Youngest on top, we build up and don’t shove things in between

Question 10

Original horizontality

Answer 10

Sedimentary deposits horizontally originally, flat layers first, if it is no longer horizontal, we know an event has happened to move them.

Question 11

Cross cutting relations

Answer 11

If a rock cuts through another, you know that the one doing the cutting is younger

Question 12

Principle of inclusions

Answer 12

The youngest includes pieces of the old layers

Question 13

Principle of fossil succession

Answer 13

Fossils are arranged according to their age and document the evolution of life through time

Question 14

Fossils are usually found in _____ rocks

Answer 14

Sedimentary- lime/sandstone, marine rocks

Question 15

Index fossil

Answer 15

Fossils that lived over a short period of time, usually newer, more abundant. The most helpful ones are around for the shortest amount of time

Question 16

Unconformities

Answer 16

“Gaps in time”. Deformities, we can say it is not in sequential order because something happened.

Question 17

3 types of unconformities

Answer 17

Angular
Nonconformity
Disconformity

Question 18

Stratigraphic column

Answer 18

Visual Representation of rock layers

Correlation: tells a longer story

Question 19

Angular unconformities

Answer 19

Horizontal Young on top, unconformitiy

Tilted older layer on bottom

Question 20

Nonconformity

Answer 20

Younger, unconformity, igneous/ metamorphic on bottom

Question 21

Disconformity

Answer 21

Younger, unconformity, older, horizontal, missing info in the middle

Question 22

We normally only use numerical age dating with ______ rocks

Answer 22

Igneous

Question 23

Numerical age dating

Answer 23

Measuring radioactive isotopes in a mineral to determine the amount of time elapsed since a minerals formation

Question 24

Isotope

Answer 24

Variants in the number of neutrons

Question 25

Half life

Answer 25

The time it takes for half a nuclei in a sample to decay (radioactive disintegration)

Question 26

Most of the earths history records are from ______ time

Answer 26

Precambrian

Question 27

Correlation

Answer 27

Correlatting rocks from one place to another

Question 28

Fossil assemblage

Answer 28

Picture that shows the age ranges of fossil groups

Question 29

Radioactivity

Answer 29

Nuclei are unstable and they brake apart or decay

Question 30

Radiometric dating

Answer 30

Reliable means of calculating the age of rocks that contain particular radioactive isotopes

Question 31

Scientific hypothesis vs inquiry

Answer 31

Inquiry is producing knowledge based on observations/ creating explanations Hypothesis is explanations/ guesses based on data