Week 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is a science or practice of supplying, consuming and utilising food as a requirement for organisms and cells to survive.
What are the three type of studies undergone in the field of nutrition?
- Epidemiological Studies
- Laboratory Based Studies
- Human intervention or Clinical Trials
What qualities/characteristics should be looked at to determine if a study provides reliable information?
The Journal and its reliability, the location of study, the authors, their funding and any conflicts of interest.
The strength of their methodology.
What is Health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and is not defined simply by the absence of disease.
What are the key organic nutrients?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates and Vitamins.
What are the key non-organic nutrients?
Water and Minerals
What are food non-nutrients?
Fibre, additives, alcohol etc.
What are the energy yielding nutrients and their order of use? How is energy taken from them?
Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids
Energy is converted for active use when the bonds within these nutrients are broken.
What are carbohydrates?
They are the main provider of energy for the brain, they can be presented as simple or complex sugars.
What is fibre?
Fibre is a category of plant based carbohydrates, that as a rule humans cannot digest due to the lack of appropriate enzymatic activity.
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre?
Soluble fibres are known as dietary fibre, which is found in fruit and vegetables, they are able to be fermented and they can form gels.
Insoluble fibres are known as Roughage, these can be found in grains and vegetables. They are not fermentable and cannot be digested by bacteria
What is Protein?
Protein is a vital structural and working substance in all cells. They are made from 20 different amino acids, with 9 of those being essential (must be gained from diet). The length, size and sequencing of the amino acids determine the proteins functionality.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that facilitate the breakdown (catabolic) and building (anabolic) chemical reactions.
What are transporters?
Transporters are proteins the facilitate the movement are nutrients in the body aswell as the regulations of cell membrane movements.
What are lipids?
These are energy storage units that use glycerine to form TAG’s (Triglycerides)
What are the 6 basic principles to consider when selecting food choices?
- Adequacy,
- Balance,
- Energy Control,
- Nutrient Density,
- Moderation,
- Variety.
Define the principle of Adequacy.
It is ensuring the diet provides sufficient energy and enough nutrients to fulfil the needs of healthy people.
Define the principle of Balance.
The consumption of enough food without exceeding requirements.
Define the principle of Energy Control.
Making food selections based on the energy input in response to output energy.
Define the principle of Nutrient Density.
It is the selection of food based on a highest nutrient density with the least amount of energy.
Define the principle of Moderation.
It is the regulation of eating foods high in fats and sugar only occasionally.
