Week 1

Question 1

What is clinical reasoning?

Answer 1

A multidimensional, non-linear cognitive process that involves synthesis of information and collaboration with the patient, caregivers, and health care team” –O’Sullivan

Question 2

What is a clinical decision?

Answer 2

The outcome of the clinical reasoning process.

Question 3

What forms the basis for patient management?

Answer 3

Clinical Decision

Question 4

What are the factors that influence clinical reasoning for the clinician?

Answer 4

• Setting of PT Practice
• Goals
• Psycho-Social Skills
• Problem Solving Strategies
• Procedural Skills
• Knowledge & Expertise

Question 5

What are the patient characteristics that influence clinical reasoning?

Answer 5

• Physical
• Psycho- Social
• Educational
• Cultural
• Time &/or Resources
• Goals, Values, Beliefs

Question 6

What are some of the biases that can affect clinical reasoning?

Answer 6

1. Having prior information about the patient’s diagnosis
2. Confirmation bias: structuring the exam to confirm what you already suspect is true
3. Memory bias: influenced by a past patient episode of care
4. Conservatism: continue to maintain initial hypothesis despite gathering information that does NOT support it

Question 7

What is logical thinking?

Answer 7

Making justified deductions based on what is obviously relevant

Question 8

What is lateral thinking?

Answer 8

Taking information that may not have a clear connection to the health condition and considers possibility that there is a cause-effect relationship

Question 9

What does lateral thinking include?

Answer 9

The development of a hypothesis and pursuit of information to support or eliminate that hypothesis

Question 10

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 10

Pattern recognition, whihc generally involves experience to identify a clinical pattern and treatments may follow a protocol. And clinical reasoning is considerably fast

Question 11

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 11

Form hypothesis on the basis of information gathered from examination, using the results of PMHx, patient interview and clinical exam which are evaluated to develop a hypothesis and includes multiple variables to determine Dx or treatment plan

Question 12

The ___ model is a form of deductive reasoning

Answer 12

The ICF model is a form of deductive reasoning

Question 13

What is the ICF model?

Answer 13

A classification system developed by the WHO that is used to describe the health of a person at a particular point in time

Question 14

What does the ICF model place emphasis on?

Answer 14

Emphasis of this system is on the function of the patient, not on the health condition (diagnosis)

Question 15

What does the ICF model take into consideration?

Answer 15

Takes into consideration influences that may impact the patient and health condition

Question 16

What are the main components of the ICF model?

Answer 16

• Functioning and Disability

* Contextual Factors

Question 17

What are the components included in the functioning and disability category of the ICF model?

Answer 17

• Body functions and structures. EX: physical impairments
• Activities: capabilities and restrictions in function
• Participation: capabilities and restrictions

Question 18

What are the components included in the contextual factors category of the ICF model?

Answer 18

• Environmental factors

- Personal factors

Question 19

What are the environmental factors that are in the contextual factors category of the ICF model?

Answer 19

Factors that are not within the person’s control like government agencies, laws, religious & cultural beliefs. Also includes family and work

Question 20

What is the purpose of the Exercise is Medicine Initiative?

Answer 20

To encourage physicians and health care providers to include exercise in the management plan for patients

Question 21

Why is Exercise Considered Medicine?

Answer 21

• Physical activity and physical fitness are immensely powerful in their ability to both prolong and enhance the quality of life.
• Every tissue in the body benefits from regular physical
activity.
• Exercise can prolong health and reduce the risk of
developing chronic diseases

Question 22

How can exercise benefit people with chronic conditions?

Answer 22

• Reducing the severity of the chronic condition
• Improve co-morbidities related to chronic conditions
• Improve the quality of life

Question 23

What are the health benefits of regular physical activity at a moderate level of intensity?

Answer 23

• 22% reduced mortality in highly active vs low active men
• Men over age 65, mortality reduces by:
- 33% for moderate activity
- 45% for vigorous activity
• Men < 65 have a 19% drop in mortality with physical
activity

Question 24

What are the effects of resistance training on mortality?

Answer 24

• Higher levels of strength are associated with lower levels of all-cause mortality in middle aged and older populations
• Resistance training of 30 min or more per week is associated with a 23% lower risk of coronary heart disease

Question 25

What is the primary reason to emphasize a physically active

lifestyle?

Answer 25

To avoid the “disease syndrome” also known as the “downward spiral of chronic disease” which includes:
• Low functional capacity
• Reduced gait speed
• Loss of independence
• Increased weight gain
• Insulin resistance
• Gradual deterioration toward disability
• Higher all-cause mortality rates

Question 26

In what gender is a more pronounced benefit from exercise seen?

Answer 26

In women