Week 1

Question 1

receptors

Answer 1

SENSORS that detect the stimulus occurring to the body

Question 2

control centre

Answer 2

ANALYSES INFO sent from the receptors, compares to the set point and determines a response

Question 3

effectors

Answer 3

cell or organ that PRODUCES A RESPONSE under the instruction by the control centre

Question 4

negative feedback

Answer 4

• responds to reduce or stop the undesirable initial stimulus
• most homeostatic control systems
• body temp, BP, blood sugar levels

Question 5

positive feedback

Answer 5

• responds to enhance or continue initial stimulus
• less common
• childbirth, breast feeding, blood clotting

Question 6

body’s response to increased body temp

Answer 6

Stimulus- hot day

1. thermoreceptors in skin detect increase in skin temperature
2. signal gets sent to hypothalamus
3. blood vessels in skin signaled to vasodilate and sweat glands to sweat

Question 7

Sweat

Answer 7

• sweat glands in skin produce sweat onto the skin surface
• heat transferred into the sweat
• heat is removed as the sweat evaporates

Question 8

vasodilation

Answer 8

• increase blood vessel diametre
• blood flow closer to skin surface
• heat is transferred onto skin surface
• heat is lost from the skin surface by heat exchange mechanisms (conduction, convection, radiation)

Question 9

body’s response to decreased body temperature

Answer 9

• thermoreceptors in skin detect decrease in skin temperature
  2. hypothalamus gets signaled
  3. skeletal muscles shiver, blood vessels in skin vasoconstrict

Question 10

shivering

Answer 10

• muscles rapidly contracting

- shivering generates heat

Question 11

vasoconstriction

Answer 11

• decrease blood vessel diametre
• decreased blood flor near skin surface > pale skin
• heat is conserved to warm the body and not lost onto skin surface.

Question 12

body’s response to childbirth

Answer 12

• head of fetus presses on cervix
• receptors in cervix detect stretch
• message sent to brain
• release of oxytocin from pituitary gland
• oxytocin causes uterus to contract

Question 13

dorsal cavity

Answer 13

• cranial cavity (brain)

- vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

Question 14

ventral cavity

Answer 14

• thoracic cavity
  > pleural cavity (lungs)
  > pericardial cavity (heart)
• abdominopelvic cavity
  > abdominal cavity (digestive organs)
  > pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)

Question 15

serous membranes

Answer 15

• ventral cavities lined with serous membranes
• thin double layered membrane
  > visceral layer covers organs
  > parietal layer lines wall of cavity
• reduces friction as organs move

Question 16

serous membranes in cavities

Answer 16

In pleural cavity - pleura
In pericarial cavity - pericardium
In abdominopelvil cavity - peritoneum

Question 17

directional terms
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)
superior
inferior

Answer 17

• towards the front
• towards the back
• towards the top
• towards the bottom

Question 18

directional terms
media
lateral
intermediate

Answer 18

• towards midline
• away from midline
• between 2 points

Question 19

directional terms
proximal
distal
superficial
deep

Answer 19

• closer towards point of origin
• further away from point of origin
• towards surface
• towards the inside

Question 20

body planes - frontal

transverse

Answer 20

• vertical line that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
• horizontal line that divides body into superior and inferior parts

Question 21

body planes
sagittal
midsagittal
parasagittal

Answer 21

• vertical line that divides the body into left and right parts
• divides the body into equal left and right halves
• divides body into unequal left and right parts

Question 22

levels of structural organisation

Answer 22

chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

simple > complex

Question 23

necessary life functions

Answer 23

• movement
• responsiveness
• digestion
• metabolism
• excretion
• reproductive
• growth