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CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY > Week 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

An area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another organism. (Study of Parasites)

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

Deals with the parasites that cause human infections and diseases they produce.

A

Medical Parasitology

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3
Q

Parasitology is divided into two categories, which are?

A

Protozoology and Helminthology

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4
Q

Deals with the study of protozoans, the “animal-like” protists which are significant parasites of humans.

A

Medical Protozoology

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5
Q

Deals with the study of helminths (worms) capable of causing diseases in humans.

A

Medical Helminthology

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6
Q

He was the Dutch microscopist who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

His researches on lower animals refuted the doctrine of spontaneous generation, and his observations helped lay the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

He has made microscopes consisting of a single high-quality lens of very short focal length.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

On what year did Leeuwenhoek observed protozoa for the first time and several years later, bacteria?

A

1674

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10
Q

What are the three important organisms in Parasitology?

A
  1. Host
  2. Parasite
  3. Vector
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11
Q

Any organism that lets another organism live in or on it.

A

Host

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12
Q

Any organism that lives in or on the host

A

Parasite

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13
Q

Where the infective stage of the parasite develops.

A

Vector

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14
Q

What is essential to the life cycle?

A

Vector

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15
Q

What is host-dependent?

A

Parasite

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16
Q

It is the relationship or interaction between two different organisms.

A

Symbiosis

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17
Q

What are the three times of symbiosis?

A
  1. Commensalism
  2. Mutualism
  3. Parasitism
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18
Q

What type of symbiosis where one organism derives nourishment/nutrition from the host without causing harm?

A

Commensalism

(a + b = a & B)

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19
Q

What type of symbiosis is where both organism benefit from the interaction?

A

Mutualism

(a + b = A & B)

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20
Q

What are the two types of mutualism?

A
  1. Obligate
  2. Facultative
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21
Q

What type of mutualism is where one or both the organism depend on each other for survival?

A

Obligate

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22
Q

What type of mutualism is where both organism benefit but does not depend on each other for survival?

A

Facultative

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23
Q

What type of symbiosis is where one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host?

A

Parasitism

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24
Q

What are two types of parasitism?

A
  1. Ectoparasite
  2. Endoparasite
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25
What are the two types of Parasites according to their habitat?
1. Endoparasite 2. Ectoparasite
26
What parasite lives within the body of the host?
Endoparasite
27
What parasite inhabits the outside body of the host such as body surfaces like the skin?
Ectoparasite
28
What are the four types of parasites according to modes of living?
1. Obligate 2. Facultative 3. Accidental 4. Erratic
29
What mode of living needs a host to complete their development?
Obligate
30
What mode of living may exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when the need arises?
Facultative
31
What mode of living where the parasite establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live?
Accidental/Incidental
32
What mode of living where the parasite is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat?
Erratic
33
What are the five types of parasites according to their duration?
1. Abberant 2. Permanent 3. Spurious 4. Temporary 5. Parthenogenetic
34
What type of duration is where it infects a host where they cannot develop further?
Abberant
35
What type of duration remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life?
Permanent
36
What type of duration where it passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host?
Spurious
37
What type of duration lives on the host only for a short period of time?
Temporary
38
What type of duration where the female parasite is capable of reproducing eggs without being fertilized by a male and whose eggs contain larva that immediately hatches?
Parthenogenetic
39
What are the seven types of parasites according to pathogenecity?
1. Pathogenic 2. Coprophilic 3. Non-pathogenic 4. Cytozoic 5. Hematozoic 6. Coelozoic 7. Enterozoic
40
What type of pathogenicity is where it is a disease causing parasite?
Pathogenic
41
What type of pathogenicity is where it is able to multiply in fecal matter outside human body?
Coprophilic
42
What type of pathogenicity is where it is incapable of causing disease (commensals)?
Non-pathogenic
43
It lives inside cells or tissues.
Cytozoic
44
What is an example of cytozoic?
Trichinella spiralis
45
Parasites that thrive inside RBCs.
Hematozoic
46
What are the three examples of hematozoic parasites?
1. Plasmodia 2. Babesia 3. Leishmania
47
It lives in body cavities.
Coelozoic
48
What is an example of coelozoic?
Mansonella spp.
49
It resides in the intestines.
Enterozoic
50
What are some of the examples of enterozoic?
1. Tapeworms 2. E. histolytica
51
What are the five types of host?
1. Definitive 2. Intermediate 3. Paratenic 4. Reservoir 5. Accidental
52
What host wherein the parasite attains sexual maturity? (Adult parasites live)
Definitive Host
53
What host harbors the asexual/larval stage of the parasite?
Intermediate
54
What host in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages? (Parasite remains alive and is able to infect another host)
Paratenic Host
55
What host allows the parasite's life cycle to continue and become additional sources of infection?
Reservoir host
56
What host in which the parasite is not usually found?
Accidental
57
What are the two types of vector?
1. Biologic Vector 2. Mechanical/Phoretic Vector
58
What vector transmits the parasite only after it has completed its development within the host or vector? (It has morphological changes)
Biologic Vector
59
What vector are those only capable of transporting the parasite?
Mechanical/Phoretic Vector
60
What is an example of Biologic Vector?
Mosquitoes in Filarial Worms
61
What is an example of Mechanical/Phoretic Vector?
Cockroaches in A. lumbricoides
62
The physiological process associated with disease and injury.
Pathophysiology
63
Property of causing disease
Pathogenicity
64
It is the molecule that enhances the ability of a microorganism to cause disease?
Virulence Factor
65
It is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms that are not normally present in the body.
Infection
66
What are the three types of infection?
1. Autoinfection 2. Co-infection 3. Superinfection
67
It is the reinfection with larvae produced by parasitic worms already in the body.
Autoinfection
68
It is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species, for instance multi-parasite infections.
Co-infection
69
The process by which a cell that has previously been infected by one virus gets co-infected with a different strain of the virus, or another virus, at a later point in time.
Superinfection
70
It is the attack and multiplication of microorganism that are not normally present externally.
Infestation
71
What are the six sources of infection?
1. Soil 2. Water 3. Food 4. Insect Vectors 5. Animals 6. Other persons
72

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY (6 decks)

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