Week 1: Basic metabolism Flashcards
What are the elements in fats, carbohydrates and ethanol?
Oxygen, hydrogen and carbon
What are the elements in protein?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
What are the difference in structures between the macronutients?
Protein contains nitrogen and some contain sulphur
What are the three types of bonds?
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
What are the important ions with in the body?
H+ Ca2+ Cl- K+ OH- HCO3- NH4+ PO43- Fe2+ Mg2+ I- F-
When does ammonia (NH3) become ammonium (NH4+)?
When it is added to water
What does the ‘6’ in glucose-6-phosphate mean? And what does it help us determine?
Relates to the position where the phosphate is bound.
Where the molecule will split
What components make up triglyceride?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What is the net product of glycolysis when glucose is inputted?
2 ATP
What is the net product of glycolysis when glucose is inputted?
2 ATP
Where does beta oxidation occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What are the end products of beta oxidation?
1 FADH2 and 1 NADH
What type of reaction is beta oxidation?
Catabolic
What are the three types of sugars?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
What is the structure of phospholipids?
Phosphate and fatty acid residue, polar head and hydrophobic tail.
What is the role of phospholipids?
Anchoring membrane proteins
Making up membranes of most cells
What are the most common co-enzymes?
NAD and FAD
What are the four types of reactions?
Condensation
Redox
Hydrolysis
Energy and enzymatic
What is the structural difference between salts and acids?
Salts have cations and anions.
How do salts form?
With an interaction between acids and bases
What does cation mean?
A positively charged ion
What does anion mean?
A negatively charged ion
Describe the conc of protons in acids compared to bases?
Higher in acids than bases
