Week 1 - Building Blocks Of Relationships

Question 1

Humans have a “______ _______ for __________” connection

Answer 1

Strong need; intimate

Question 2

What are the 7 ways intimacy is different from causal relationships?

Answer 2

1. Knowledge (personal histories, likes/dislikes etc…)
2. Interdependence (influence of one partner is frequent/strong)
3. Caring
4. Trust
5. Responsiveness
6. Mutuality (collaboration, having the same feelings for one another)
7. Commitment (invest lots of time & effort)

Question 3

What is the “need to belong”?

Answer 3

Baumiester and Leary

For healthy functioning…

Need interactions that are FREQUENT and PLEASANT w/ intimate partners that are LASTING and CARING

Question 4

We only need a “_____ close relationships, ________ over ________”

Answer 4

Few

Quality;quantity

Question 5

When closely connected with others we tend to live a “_______, _________ and _________” life

Answer 5

Longer, healthier and happier

Question 6

True or false. People are NOT more prone to weaker immune responses and higher mortality if they lack intimacy in their lives

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or false. Individuals who are married are less likely to die from cancer-related deaths in comparison to unmarried individuals (Aizer et al., 2013)

Answer 7

True

Mental health & physical health are impacted on the quality of our relationships

Question 8

Our need to belong “______ _______ ________” over hundreds of thousands of years

Answer 8

May have evolved

Question 9

What was the average age of marriage in 1965 VS today?

Answer 9

1965 = early 20’s, 94% of individuals married, typically did not co habit (5%)

Today = late 20’s, ~80% of individuals marry, partners cohabit (75%)

Question 10

What is singlism?

Answer 10

Prejudice and discrimination against individuals who choose to remain SINGLE and decide not to devote themselves to one romantic relationship

Question 11

True or false. Singles tend to have a closer relationship with their parents, siblings, friends etc…

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Although there in a RISE in cohabitation…. Individuals experience more what?

Answer 12

1. Conflict
2. Jealousy
3. Infidelity
4. Physical aggressiveness
5. Volatile subsequent marriage

Question 13

How does technology work as a source of change?

Give the definition of technoference and phubbing

Answer 13

Temptation often exists…

To give “precedence to people we are not with OVER people we are with”

Technoference: frequent interruptions of interaction caused by tech devices

Phubbing: partner snubs the other by focusing on a phone

Question 14

How does sex ratio work as a source of change?

Answer 14

The number of men for every 100 women w/in a particular location

HIGH SEX RATIO: more males than females

LOW SEX RATIO: more females than males

Question 15

What are the other 3 sources of change?

Answer 15

1. Industrialization
2. Education/financial resources
3. Rise of individualism

Question 16

What are the 3 types of attachment styles? (review)

Answer 16

1. Secure attachment: feelings that others are reliable for sercurity and kindness
2. Anxious-ambivalent attachment: feelings that behave in unpredictable and inconsistent ways
3. Avoidant attachment: feelings that others are rejecting or hostile

Question 17

What are the 2 themes underlying attachment?

Answer 17

Outline by Bartholemew

1. Avoidance of intimacy
2. Anxiety about abandonment

Question 18

How do inborn differences effect attachment styles?

Answer 18

Personality and emotionally

Genetics

Strongly determine our attachment styles in the future

Question 19

In terms of sex difference males and females tend to be “_______ _____”

However the range of opinions/behaviours among members OF a sex tend to be “________” in comparison

Answer 19

Quite small; massive

Question 20

Compare SEX & GENDER differences (definition)

What about gender roles?

Answer 20

Sex differences: biological distinctions b/w males and females that are PHYSICAL in nature

Gender differences: SOCIAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL differences, strongly impacted by CULTURE & UPBRINGING

Gender roles: behavioural patterns that are expected of “typical” males and females

Question 21

Only around “___%” of Individuals conform to gender role expectations fairly accurately

“___%” of individuals are androgynous

Answer 21

50%

35%

Question 22

Compare the difference b/w instrumental and expressive traits

Answer 22

Instrumental: “masculine” task-orientated talents

expressive: “feminine” social and emotional skills

BOTH sets of traits often found in the SAME individual

Question 23

Do gays and lesbians tend to have happier relationships?

Do androgynous couples tend to be happier than heterosexual couples?

Answer 23

YES happier, less conflict, more divided household chores

YES

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE. Male/female spouses that are low in expressiveness, their spouse tend to be chronically less satisfied in comparison to individuals that are more understanding and sensitive.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

TrUE OR FALSE. Traditional males tend to have better quality relationships around the world in both gay and straight relationships.

Answer 25

False Tend to have lower quality

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE. Women who display as much competitiveness and assertiveness as males tend to be perceived as pushy and impolite.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Are gender roles changing in America?

Answer 27

Yes Gender norms are changing in that women are becoming more INSTRUMENTAL Both genders are becoming more egalitarian

Question 28

What are the big five traits in personality?

Answer 28

Characterize impact on the relationships that people form Individuals who are extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, and open to new experiences tend to have happier relationships

Question 29

What is the most serious/influential trait in the big five?

Answer 29

Neuroticism People that are more prone to this tend to have more anger and anxiety Can have the most negative impact on relationships

Question 30

Our personalities have a strong “________” bases

Answer 30

Genetic Can change throughout the relationship

Question 31

Theory on self-esteem argues is a subjective gauge termed a “_____________”

Answer 31

Sociometer Measures the quality of our relationships with others

Question 32

What is our self-evaluations strongly impacted by?

Answer 32

By what we think others think about us This is found globally

Question 33

Individuals who have a history of insufficient acceptance and appreciation, tend to develop negative self-evaluations, which can lead to……?

Answer 33

LOW self-esteem

Question 34

What typically happens to people in a relationship with LOW self-esteem VS HIGH self-esteem?

Answer 34

Low = defensively distance themselves and behave in negative ways in response to relational conflict High = tend to ease in closer to their partners to try to repair their relationships when relational conflict arises

Question 35

Low self-esteem is “_________” to overcome

Answer 35

Difficult

Question 36

What are the 3 fundamental assumptions in evolutionary psychology?

Answer 36

1) sexual selection: evolutionary advantage that assists with greater success 2) parental investment: time, resources and overall energy 3) cultural influences: play a strong role in determining whether your evolved patterns of behaviour are adaptive

Question 37

What is parental uncertainty?

Answer 37

Women are ALWAYS CERTAIN whether a child is hers Males CANNOT BE CERTAIN on whether a child is his

Question 38

Males tend to have a preference for a “_______ _________ __________”

Answer 38

Short sexual relationship

Question 39

Culture may be the “__________” determiner of male and female behaviour

Answer 39

Strongest

Question 40

Components of a relationship such as trust are a “______ _______”

Answer 40

Fluid process