Week 1 Cellular Function

Question 1

Nucleus Function

Answer 1

DNA replication
Ribosome assembly

Question 2

What surrounds nucleus?

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope with pores (double walled)

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

intracellular fluid suspending organelles, proteins and cell structures.

Question 4

What is DNA wound around to make chromosomes?

Answer 4

Histones - proteins bind DNA
Chromosomes - DNA packaged by histones in to tight threadlike packages

Question 5

Mitochondria wall makeup?

Answer 5

1. Double membrane wall
2. Cristae - folds of inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

Cristae

Answer 6

folds in mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for producing ATP

Question 7

What is found in the mitochondria

Answer 7

Mitochondrion - power generator Enzymes - Cellular respiration to create ATP from food.
Ribosomes
mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA (inherited)

Question 8

Where is cellular respiration found?

Answer 8

Mitochondria. Using O2 and creating CO2

Question 9

What type of cells have more mitochondria?

Answer 9

Cardiac cells due to the high energy needs.

Question 10

What is the largest organelle in the cell?

Answer 10

The nucleus

Question 11

Label picture

Answer 11

Question 12

What component’s membrane is an extension of the outer nuclear envelope?

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum single layer membrane

Question 13

Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called rough?

Answer 13

covered in ribosomes

Question 14

What do ribosomes produce?

Answer 14

proteins

Question 15

What are two of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

1. synthesizing lipids
2. detoxification

Question 16

How do the proteins get to their destination from the RER?

Answer 16

Transport vesicles that bud from the membrane.

Question 17

What area of the cell is the “Protein processing and shipping center” receiving, modifying, sorting, and shipping molecules.

Answer 17

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

“garbage disposal” of the cell

Answer 18

lysosomes

Question 19

Function of lysosomes

Answer 19

break down molecules with enzymes and breakdown with hydrolysis. Can break down the cell itself.

Question 20

“Hospital of the cell”

Answer 20

peroxisomes

Question 21

Function of peroxisomes

Answer 21

Break down molecules through oxidation. Produce hydrogen peroxide AND breaks it down. Metabolizes fatty acids to produce energy for cell.

Question 22

Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower concentration

Answer 22

diffusion

Question 23

Type of diffusion that does NOT require energy or proteins.

Answer 23

Simple diffusion. Examples are oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 24

Type of diffusion that requires proteins to transport across AND three examples.

Answer 24

Facilitation diffusion.
Ex 1: aquaporon channels in the kidneys to transport water.
Ex 2: ion channels for sodium potassium and calcium.
Ex 3: Carrier proteins for glucose and amino acids

Question 25

Difference between hydrostatic pressure (water inside cell) and osmotic pressure (concentration inside cell) when high.

Answer 25

High hydrostatic pressure pushes water out and high osmotic pressure draws water in.

Question 26

Oncotic pressure is created by what component?

Answer 26

plasma proteins (albumin)

Question 27

What type of transport moves against the concentration gradient requiring energy?

Answer 27

Active Transport