Week 1 - essential reading

Question 1

who was Gideon/what did he do?

Answer 1

early methodologist

Tests for God are early example of a double dissociation and cross over interaction

Question 2

what did Plato do/come up with?

Answer 2

○ Plato: personality and ability characteristics needed for a philosopher king

Question 3

what did Hogan do/come up with?

Answer 3

○ Hogan: determinants of leadership effectiveness in management settings

Question 4

what did Theophrastus do/come up with?

Answer 4

○ Theophrastus: typological rather than dimensional model

Question 5

what did Chaucer do/come up with?

Answer 5

○ Chaucer: added to use of character descriptions

Question 6

4 temperaments

Answer 6

○ Reason, emotion, desire (and behaviour): the 4 temperaments

Question 7

what did Galen do?

Answer 7

○ Galen - empirical work using neuroanatomy supports Plato’s tripartite organisation of temperaments.

- Galton: index of correlation in terms of product of deviations from the median and error of estimate.
	○ Revision to the mean now known as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
	○ Data analysis

Question 8

what did Wundt do?

Answer 8

○ Wundt - reorganised 4 temperaments into 2D model discussed by Eysenck and Strelau

Question 9

theories of individual differences

Answer 9

○ Guildford - cross 3 models of thinking: operations, products and content
○ Fluid, crystallised g model of ability
○ Cattell - factor analytical methods
§ Surface traits - observations that needed explaining by source traits which could be derived from factor analysis
§ 16PF inventory
○ Eysenck - consistency of individual difference using behavioural measures
§ Learning theory and arousal theory to explain differences
○ Atkinson - situational challenges and individual differences in achievement motivation
○ Longitudinal studies - temperament stable over decades