Week 1 (Intro) Flashcards
period
row in periodic table
group
column in periodic table
Alkaline Metals
group 1 of periodic table (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Alkaline earth metals
group 2 of periodic table (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
Halogens
group 17 of periodic table (F, Cl, Br, I, At)
Transition metals
groups 3-12 of periodic table (Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Fe)
Noble gases
group 18 of periodic table (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Reactivity of an element
depends on number of electrons surrounding the center, in orbitals
What is in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
proton
positively charged particle
neutron
neutral charged particle
electron
negatively charged particle
Mass number (A)
mass of an atom, depends on number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
element
an element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reaction, made up of only one atom
atomic number (Z)
number of protons in nucleus of an atom, determines chemical properties of an element
Electron configuration
tells us how the electrons are arranged in the orbitals of an atom
shell
energy levels of orbitals, energy increases as distance from nucleus increases (contains subshells such as 2s, 2p)
valence electrons
occupy the outermost shell or highest energy level of an atom, participate in chemical bonding
core electrons
occupy the inner shells or lower energy levels, do not participate in chemical bonding
Main group element valence electron numbers
number of valence electrons corresponds to OLD group numbers (ex. Na has 1, B has 3, O has 6)
Noble Gas Cofiguration
8 valence electrons, a stable electron configuration that most atoms try to achieve when forming ions
How elements make ions/compounds
same group elements have similar properties
-Halogens form -1 anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-)
-Alkali metals form +1 cations (Li+, Na+, K+)
-Group 16 forms -2 anions (O(2-), S(2-), Se(2-))
-Alkaline Earth Metals form +2 cations (Be(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+))
anion
a negatively charged ion (usually nonmetals)
cation
a positively charged ion (usually metals)
