WEEK 1 INTRO TO COMMUNITY HEALTH Flashcards
What is Community?
- Group of people who live, learn, work, and play in an environment at a given time
- Can be defined by place, beliefs or interests, or virtual communities
- Shared set of beliefs, values, experiences, geographically
What are community functions?
- Necessities that sustain day-to-day livelihood
What are community dynamics?
- Support community functions through effective communication, leadership, and decision making
What are the features of social justice? (3)
1. ETHICAL: Social justice approaches tend to be concerned with the ethical use of power in health care.
2. UNIQUE: Social justice approach tends to view persons relationally as unique, connected to others, and interdependent; that is, vulnerable and unequal in power.
3. EVERYDAY: Social justice tends to elicit concern for issues of everyday life and not primarily with crisis issues.
What are the approaches to health promotion?
- Biomedical
- Behavioural
- Social Environmental
What is the biomedical approach to health?
- Treat disease with medications and medical diagnostics. May not consider the “why”. Ex, Blood pressure management
- Medication, not the only approach, a downstream approach
What is behavioural approach to health?
- Focuses on the behaviours of individuals.
- Often use social marketing strategies to change behaviour. Not often effective for some age groups
- Puts the onus on the individual
- Ex. Quit smoking
What is social environmental approach to health?
- Focuses on the social environment communities are situated in
- Environment they live in, isn’t conducive of where they live in
- Ex. Community gardens, those who are hypertensive don’t have access to healthy foods, creation of support groups, bike trails encouraging
What are the levels of the Social-Ecological Model (SEM)? (5)
- Individual
- Family (Relationship), Interpersonal
- Community
- Institutions
- Society
SEM Individual Level
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, self-efficacy
SEM Interpersonal Level
Family, peers, societal networks, social media
SEM Community
Organizations & services, collaboration, environment, norms, standards, bylaws
SEM Institutions
Rules, regulations, policies & informal structures
SEM Society
Provincial & federal policies and laws to regulate/support healthy actions
What is the Health Belief Model?
- Reasons people are ready to act
- Has 6 components
What are 6 components of the Health Belief Model?
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Costs outweigh the benefits Precieved barriers
- Exposed to factors that prompt action
- Confident they can successfully perform the action required
What is Critical Social Theories?
- Deals with power differences, forms of oppression
- Exposes oppressions, goal is to liberate individuals from conscious and unconscious constraints
What is Habermans 5 core assumptions (Critical social theories)
- No knowledge is ahistorical, value neutral, or outside of human consciousness
- All knowledge is mediated by socially and historically mediated power relations
- Every form of social order involves power relations
- Truth claims are not separated from values
- To overcome these challenges we must examine, explain, and critique social order
What is Marginalization?
- Being on the peripheral based on their identities, associations, experiences, and environments
- Groups having limited access to needed resources
- Group can be ignored, trivialized, rendered invisible and unheard, perceived as inconsequential, de-authorized, ‘other’
What are the causes of Marginalization? (4)
- Differences in resources
- Geography
- Power imbalances
- Beliefs/practices that don’t align with privileged Western empirical standards
What is the difference between overt and covert marginalization?
- Overt ex. police profiling
- Covert ex. marginalizing coloured toys for children
- Overt is purposeful deliberate actions
- Covert subtle
What are the roles of community health nurses? (3)
- ADDRESS Use the community health promotion process in primary health care, to address health inequities
- LEADERSHIP Demonstrate leadership, advocate for importance of population focused health promotion
- TOOLS Use community participatory tools to engage community stakeholders and pop. groups to address community healthy needs
What are community health nurses standards of practice? (8)
- Health promotion
- Prevention and health protection
- Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
- Professional relationships
- Capacity building
- Health equity
- Evidence informed practice
- Professional responsibility and accountability
