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PAI > Week 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Week 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define psychological tests

A

Objective procedures for sampling and quantifying human behaviour to make an inference about a particular psychological construct using standardised stimuli and methods of administration and scoring

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2
Q

Why do we need psychological tests? (DPPCUH)

A
  • helpful in making DECISIONS or PROMOTING self understanding
  • help us understand PSYCHOLOGICAL problems
  • CORE skill for professional psychologists
  • can be USEFUL before a session
  • HUMAN JUDGEMENT t is subject and fallible
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3
Q

Why is it important to study psychological testing?

A
  • explains current practices that may seem peculiar
  • strengths and limitations of tests are more obvious when viewed in a historical context
  • understanding ethical issues and misuse and abuse in tests
  • historical context highlights development across time
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4
Q

List some advantages of psychological testing (IOO)

A
  • can make inferences about behaviour in social contexts
  • objective and uses same standardised materials
  • objective reference point for evaluating behaviour
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5
Q

Limitations of psychological testing (DGOL)

A
  • cannot make decisions for users
  • gaps between what the psych wants to measure vs. what it measures
  • psych tests can become obsolete
  • sometimes test can disadvantage people based on language or other cultural experience
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6
Q

Define TESTING in terms of comparison to assessment

A

The process of administering a test and obtaining and interpreting the test scores

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7
Q

Define ASSESSMENT in terms of comparison to testing

A

The process of answering referral questions, including psych testing, developing a holistic view of the client

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8
Q

List four types of psychological tests

A
  • self report vs. performance
  • individual vs. group administration
  • human vs. computer assisted testing
  • norm referenced vs. criterion referenced testing
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9
Q

What is a culture fair test?

A

One for which there is no systematic distortion of scores resulting from differences in the cultural background of the test takers

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10
Q

What are the three broad principles of Ethics in the APS code of ethics?

A
  • respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples
  • propriety
  • integrity
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11
Q

What other factors should we consider when selecting tests??

A
  • usability
  • reliability
  • validity
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12
Q

What are some issues re: availability to consider?

A
  • how available is the test?
  • cost-licensing issues
  • time
  • knowing that a test is a thing
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13
Q

What are some issues re: administering the test?

A
  • skills for competent administration
  • will it take long enough to develop thorough knowledge about the test?
  • am i allowed to administer it?
  • manual layout
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14
Q

List some other test issues

A
  • time
  • cost, affordability
  • necessity
  • group norms
  • examinee appropriateness
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15
Q

List the three categories of reliability

A
  • test-retest
  • parallel and alternate forms
  • internal consistency
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16
Q

What does test-retest measure?

A
  • how stable the measure is over time

- the estimate of reliability obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same people on 2 different occasions

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17
Q

When is test-retest not appropriate

A

For measuring things that you would expect to change over a brief period e.g mood/stress

18
Q

What is alternate forms

A

When you need two forms of the same test

19
Q

List examiner influences on test performance (TERRF)

A
  • level of TRAINING and preparation
  • EXPECTANCY effects
  • effects of REINFORCING responses
  • ability to establish RAPPORT
  • FAMILIARITY of examiner
20
Q

Test taker variables to consider (PLIT)

A
  • language of the test taker, hearing, visual impairments
  • test anxiety
  • illness including psychological
  • previous experiences e.g with tests, failure, assessment in prisons
21
Q

Situational variables to consider

A
  • noise and other distractions
  • temperature
  • ventilation, comfort
  • working space
  • time and scheduling
22
Q

Define validity

A

The extent to which a test measures what t purports to measure

23
Q

List the five types of validity

A
  • face
  • content
  • concurrent (criterion related)
  • predictive (criterion related)
  • construct (convergent and divergent)
24
Q

Describe face validity

A
  • mere appearance that the test has validity - does it seem reasonable related to what is being tested?
25
Q

Describe content validity

A

Does the test measure what it claims to - does it adequately represent the conceptual domain it is designed to

26
Q

Describe concurrent (criterion related) validity

A

Criterion measures are obtained at the same time as the test score

27
Q

Describe predictive (criterion related) validity

A
  • the regression approach to predictive validity

- criterion measures are obtained at some time in the future

28
Q

Describe construct (convergent and divergent) validity

A
  • do we find the kind of relationships we would expect to find with other related constructs?
  • the meaning of a score based on the knowledge of patterns with other variables
29
Q

What is the reliability level for research purposes?

A

Around .80

30
Q

What is the reliability level for clinical work?

A

Around .90 to .95.

31
Q

1890

A

the term mental test first used by James McKeen Cattell

32
Q

1905

A

Binet and Simon devise the first test of intelligence for use with children in France

33
Q

1916

A

Lewis Terman published the Stanford-Binet, the first ‘intelligence test’

34
Q

1921

A

Rorscach test

35
Q

1939

A

David Wechsler invented the adult scale, the WAIS

36
Q

1942

A

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory to differentiate psychiatric diagnoses

37
Q

1968

A

Mischel’s critique of personality assessment:

How much can we predict about specific behaviour by one test on one occasion?

38
Q

1971

A

The Federal Court in the USA challenges testing for personnel selection

39
Q

2001

A

Meyer updated a review of testing

40
Q

What is best practice/the steps for testing (NAOSICK)

A
  • determining NECESSITY
  • selecting APPROPRIATE tests
  • administering OBJECTIVELY
  • SCORING tests
  • INTERPRETING results
  • COMMUNICATING findings
  • KEEPING case records

PAI (11 decks)

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