Week 1: Introduction To Database Systems Flashcards
Define Data.
Raw facts and figures that are collected for reference or analysis, when organised it may be transformed into information.
Give 3 examples of data.
- Numbers (e.g., 5, 10)
- Text (e.g., “Alice”)
- Dates (e.g., “2025-04-22”)
Data can be used in ___________, ___________ and __________________
- Analysis
- Processing
- Stored in databases
__________ is an organized collection of data designed to meet users’ needs, it helps store, retrieve, and manage information efficiently.
Database
Give 3 examples of Database.
- MySQL
- PostgreSQL
- MongoDB
- Oracle Database
- SQLite
Give purposes of a database.
- Efficient storage
- Retrieval
- Management of data
____________ is a simplified model of the real world, representing only the data needed for a specific application.
Mini-World
Give an example of Mini-World.
A database for a university system might model students, courses, and enrollments, but not staff members or external entities.
What does DBMS stand for?
Database Management System
What is DBMS?
A software that manages databases and provides tools to store, retrieve and manipulate data.
What are some functions of DBMS?
- Data storage
- Query processing
- Security & Access control
- Backup & Recovery
Examples of DBMS.
- MySQL
- PostgreSQL
- Oracle
- MongoDB
3 advantages of Database
- Reduced data redundancy
- Easier modification and updating
- Better access to data and information
- Better overall protection of the data
- Shared data and information resources
3 disadvantages of Database
- High cost of purchasing and operating a DBMS in a mainframe operating environment.
- Increased cost of specialised staff.
- Increased vulnerability.
Difference between Data & Database.
- Data is individual facts.
- Database is structure storing & managing those facts.
Example: ”CS101” is the data & course table is the database.
_____________________ is the levels of data organization from smallest to largest.
Hierarchy of Data
Data Hierarchy (Bottom to Top)
- Bit
- Characters
- Field
- Record
- Table/File
- Database
How many bits make a byte?
8 bits
_________ is the basic building block of information, represented by a byte
It is also the smallest in Hierarchy of data.
Character
______ is a group of characters that make up a single piece of data.
Field
_________ is a collection of related fields.
Record
________ is the collection of related records.
File
_________ is a collection of integrated and related files/tables.
Database
Give an example of Data Hierarchy.
- Bit: 0
- Character (Byte): “A”
- Field: FName = “Alice”
- Record: FName, Age, ID
- File: Students File
- Database: University Database
