Week 1 - Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

A group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Question 5

Organ

Answer 5

A functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

Question 6

Organ System

Answer 6

A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 7

Organism

Answer 7

A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in the face of a constantly changing external environment

Question 8

Negative Feedback

Answer 8

A homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Question 9

Positive Feedback

Answer 9

A mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Question 10

Carbohydrate

Answer 10

A class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

Question 11

Monosaccharide

Answer 11

A monomer of carbohydrate; also known as a simple sugar

Question 12

Disaccharide

Answer 12

A pair of carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via a glycosidic bond

Question 13

Polysaccharide

Answer 13

A compound consisting of more than two carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via glycosidic bonds

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

A class of organic compounds that are composed of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 15

Amino Acid

Answer 15

The building block of proteins; characterized by an amino and carboxyl functional groups and a variable side-chain

Question 16

Lipid

Answer 16

A class of non-polar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

Question 17

Triglyceride

Answer 17

The lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

Question 18

Phospholipid

Answer 18

A lipid compound in which a phosphate group is combined with a diglyceride

Question 19

Steroid

Answer 19

A lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

Deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

Ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

Nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

The process of producing an mRNA molecule that is complementary to a particular gene of DNA

Question 24

Translation

Answer 24

The process of producing a protein from the nucleotide sequence code of an mRNA transcript

Question 25

Hormone

Answer 25

The secretion of an endocrine organ that travels via the bloodstream or lymphatics to induce a response in target cells or tissues in another part of the body

Question 26

ADP

Answer 26

A molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy

Question 27

Cellular Respiration

Answer 27

The production of ATP from glucose oxidation via glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

Molecule

Answer 28

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together