Week 6 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(44 cards)
Blood
liquid connective tissue composed of formed elements—erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets—and a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma; component of the cardiovascular system
Red Blood Cells
One of the formed elements of blood that transports oxygen (aka erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells
One of the formed elements of blood that provides defense against disease agents and foreign materials (aka leukocytes)
Platelets
One of the formed elements of blood that consists of cell fragments broken off from megakaryocytes (aka thrombocytes)
Plasma
In blood, the liquid extracellular matrix composed mostly of water that circulates the formed elements and dissolved materials throughout the cardiovascular system
Haematocrit
The volume percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of centrifuged blood
Haemopoiesis
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin (EPO)
glycoprotein that triggers the bone marrow to produce RBCs; secreted by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels
Antigen
A molecule recognised by the receptors of B and T lymphocytes
Antibodies
Antigen-specific proteins produced by specialised B lymphocytes that protect the body by binding to foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses
ABO Blood Group
blood-type classification based on the presence or absence of A and B glycoproteins on the erythrocyte membrane surface
Heart
Atrium
upper or receiving chamber of the heart that pumps blood into the lower chambers just prior to their contraction; the right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit that flows into the right ventricle; the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit that flows into the left ventricle
Ventricle
one of the primary pumping chambers of the heart located in the lower portion of the heart; the left ventricle is the major pumping chamber on the lower left side of the heart that ejects blood into the systemic circuit via the aorta and receives blood from the left atrium; the right ventricle is the major pumping chamber on the lower right side of the heart that ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary trunk and receives blood from the right atrium
Valves
in the cardiovascular system, a specialised structure located within the heart or vessels that ensures one-way flow of blood
Heart Sounds
sounds heard via auscultation with a stethoscope of the closing of the atrioventricular valves (“lub”) and semilunar valves (“dub”)
Cardiac Conduction System
Sinoatrial Node
Known as the pacemaker, a specialised clump of myocardial conducting cells located in the superior portion of the right atrium that has the highest inherent rate of depolarisation that then spreads throughout the heart
Atrioventricular Node
A clump of myocardial cells located in the inferior portion of the right atrium within the atrioventricular septum; receives the impulse from the SA node, pauses, and then transmits it into specialized conducting cells within the interventricular septum
Atrioventricular Bundle
A group of specialised myocardial conductile cells that transmit the impulse from the AV node through the inter ventricular septum; form the left and right atrioventricular bundle branches
Left and Right Bundle Branches
specialised myocardial conductile cells that arise from the bifurcation of the atrioventricular bundle and pass through the inter ventricular septum; lead to the Purkinje fibres and also to the right papillary muscle via the moderator band
Purkinje fibres
specialised myocardial conduction fibres that arise from the bundle branches and spread the impulse to the myocardial contraction fibres of the ventricles
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
surface recording of the electrical activity of the heart that can be used for diagnosis of irregular heart function; also abbreviated as EKG
