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AUBF > Week 1 Lab: Lab Safety > Flashcards

Week 1 Lab: Lab Safety Flashcards

1
Q

To work safely in the lab environment, you need to know:

A
  1. What hazards exist
  2. The basic safety precautions associated with them
  3. How to apply the basic rules of common sense required for everyday safety of patients, co-workers, and themselves
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2
Q

Who mandates the Safety Procedure Manuals?

A

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

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3
Q

How often must the safety procedure manuals be updated and reviewed?

A

anually

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4
Q

Who updates and reviews the safety procedure manuals?

A

laboratory director

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5
Q

Who provides the guidelines for writing these procedures and policies?

A

CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)

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6
Q

It states that all patients are considered to be possible carriers of bloodborne pathogens. (CDC, 1987)

A

Universal Precautions (UP)

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7
Q

BSI means?

A

Body Substance Isolation

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8
Q

What guidelines consider all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious?

A

BSI (Body Substance Isolation) guidelines

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9
Q

What is a major disadvantage of BSI guidelines?

A

They do not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamination is present.

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10
Q

HICPAC meaning?

A

Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee

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11
Q

In 1996 the CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) combined the major features of UP and BSI guidelines and called the new guidelines ____________.

A

Standard Precautions

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12
Q

What are the 10 Standard Precautions?

A
  1. Hand hygiene
  2. Gloves
  3. Mouth, nose and eye protection
  4. Gown
  5. Patient care equipment
  6. Environmental control
  7. Linen
  8. Occupational health and blood-borne pathogens
  9. Patient placement
  10. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
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13
Q

Hand hygiene includes both?

A

hand washing and using alcohol based antiseptic cleansers

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14
Q

All biologic waste, except _______, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the biohazard symbol.

A

urine

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15
Q

Urine may be discarded by ____________________ under a Plexiglas countertop shield.

A

pouring it into a laboratory sink

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16
Q

Empty urine containers can be discarded as _________________.

A

non-biologically hazardous waste

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17
Q

Disinfection of the sink using a _______________________ should be performed daily.

A

1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

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18
Q

All sharp objects must be disposed in ___________ with the ___________.

A

puncture-resistant, leak-proof container; biohazard symbol

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19
Q

When skin contact from chemical spill occurs, the best first aid is to ___________, then seek medical attention.

A

flush the area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes

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20
Q

Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard, such as ____________.

A

poisonous, corrosive, flammable, explosive, teratogenic, or carcinogenic

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21
Q

Who requires that all employees have a right to know about all chemical hazards present in their workplace.

A

OSHA Federal Hazard Communication Standard

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22
Q

The information about all the chemical hazards present in the workplace is provided in the form of ___________ on file.

A

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

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23
Q

Information contained in an MSDS includes the following:

A
  1. Physical and chemical characteristics
  2. Fire and explosion potential
  3. Reactivity potential
  4. Health hazards and emergency first
    aid procedures
  5. Methods for safe handling and
    disposal
  6. Primary routes of entry
  7. Exposure limits and carcinogenic
    potential
24
Q

It refers to the overall process of guaranteeing quality patient care and is regulated throughout the total testing system.

A

Quality Assessment

25
Q

It refers to all of the laboratory’s policies, processes, procedures, and resources needed to achieve quality testing.

A

Quality System

26
Q

________ includes testing controls in quality assessment program.

A

Quality Control

27
Q

Quality assessment program encompasses?

A
  1. Quality control
  2. Preexamination variables
  3. Examination variables
  4. Postexamination variables
28
Q

A procedure manual containing all
the procedures performed in the
urinalysis section must be available
for reference in the working area
and must comply with the CLSI
guidelines.

A

Urinalysis Procedure Manual

29
Q

This occur before the actual testing of the specimen.

A

Preexamination Variables

30
Q

Preexamination Variables include?

A

test requests, patient preparation, timing, specimen collection, handling, and storage.

31
Q

These are the processes that directly affect the testing of specimens.

A

Examination Variables

32
Q

Examination Variables include?

A

– reagents
– instrumentation and equipment
– testing procedure
– QC
– Preventive maintenance (PM)
– access to procedure manuals
– competency of personnel performing the tests

33
Q

Frequently encountered instruments?

A

refractometers, osmometers, automated reagent strip readers, and automated microscopy instruments

34
Q

Common Equipment?

A

refrigerators, centrifuges, microscopes, and water baths

35
Q

Temperatures of refrigerators and water baths should be taken _____ and recorded.

A

daily

36
Q

Calibration of centrifuges is every _______, and the appropriate relative centrifugal force for each setting is recorded.

A

3 months

37
Q

Centrifuges are routinely disinfected on a ______ basis.

A

weekly

38
Q

It refers to the materials, procedures, and techniques that monitor the accuracy, precision, and reliability of a laboratory test.

A

Quality control

39
Q

These are performed to ensure that acceptable standards are met during the process of patient testing.

A

Quality control procedures

40
Q

When is QC performed?

A
  • beginning of each shift
  • before testing patient samples
  • if reagents are changed
  • when instrument malfunction has occurred
  • if test results are questioned by the health-care provider
41
Q

These are used to verify the accuracy and precision of a test and are exposed to the same conditions as the patient samples.

A

External Quality Control

42
Q

It is the ability to maintain both precision and accuracy.

A

Reliability

43
Q

It consists of internal monitoring systems built in to the test system and are called internal or procedural controls.

A

Internal Quality Control

44
Q

Internal controls monitor?

A

• the sufficient addition of a patient specimen or reagent
• the instruments/reagents interaction, and,
• for lateral flow test methods – whether the sample migrated through the test strip properly

45
Q

It uses a mechanical or electrical device in place of a liquid QC specimen. It can be internal or an external component inserted into a point of care (POC) instrument. It verifies the functional ability of a testing device but it does not verify the integrity of the testing supplies.

A

Electronic Controls

46
Q

It is the testing of unknown samples received from an outside agency, and provides unbiased validation of the quality of patient test results. The laboratory accuracy is evaluated and compared with other laboratories using the same method of analysis.

A

PT/Proficiency Testing or EQA/External Quality Assessment

47
Q

The ___________________ mandates comparison testing for laboratory accreditation.

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)

48
Q

These are processes that affect the reporting of results and correct interpretation of data.

A

Postexamination Variables

49
Q

When reporting results, one must use?

A

• Standardized reporting formats
• When applicable, reference ranges should be included with each procedure covered in the procedure manual.

50
Q

Quality Assessment Program specifically includes?

A

• Procedure manuals
• Internal quality control
• External quality control
• Electronic quality control
• Calibration or verification
• Standardization
• Proficiency testing or External quality assessment (EQA)
Record keeping
• Equipment maintenance and safety programs
• Training, education and competency assessment of personnel
• Scheduled and documented review process

51
Q

Give 5 information included in each procedure written in a urinalysis procedure manual.

A
  1. Principle or purpose of the test
  2. Clinical significance
  3. Patient preparation
  4. Specimen type and method of collection
  5. Specimen acceptability and criteria for rejection
52
Q

Criteria for urine specimen rejection?

A
  • Unlabeled containers
  • Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
  • Contaminated specimens with feces or toilet paper
  • Containers with contaminated exteriors
  • Insufficient volume of urine
  • Improperly transported or preserved specimens
  • Delay between time of collection and receipt in the laboratory
53
Q

All reagents and reagent strips should be labeled with?

A
  • date of preparation or opening
  • purchase and received date
  • expiration date
  • appropriate safety information
54
Q

Reagent strips must _______ refrigerated, and must be recapped immediately after removing each strip.

A

never be

55
Q

Instructions should begin with ______________.

A

specimen preparation

AUBF (3 decks)

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