Week 1 lecture 2- lifestyle Flashcards
Lifestyle definition
“Someone’s way of living; the things that a person or particular group of people usually do”
-60% of factors related to individual health and quality of
life are correlated with lifestyle
Lifestyle factors
Nutrition
Physical activity
Sleep
Relaxation
Smoking, alcohol, caffeine
Social activity
Screen time
Use of social media
Purpose
Spirituality
physical activity causes
-Increased brain volume
-Increased hippocampal volume
Education
Increases cognitive reserve
Dietary factors affect
Meat eaters and smokers linked to increased oxidative stress (imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants)
Vascular health and inflammation
Maintenance of neuronal membrane integrity
Lifestyle and psychiatric disorders
Poor lifestyle habits led to increase in obesity and mental illness and lower life expectancy
Biggest risk factor for dementia
Hearing loss
Hearing loss is connected to
Cardiovascular disease
Alzheimers & dementia
Diabetes
Hospitalization
Mortality
Chronic Kidney Disease
Falling
Depression
Impacting factors on gut microbiome
Diet
Pharmaceuticals
Geography
Lifecycle stages
Birthing process
Infant feeding method
Stress
Psychiatric disorders and nutrition
-Gut microbiome
communicates with the brain via cytokines and neurotransmitters
-Lifestyle factors
contribute to its health -Less microbiomal
diversity associated
with psychiatric illness
No guts no glory
- Cross-over dietintervention study in persons with
schizophrenia, bipoliar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease - 12 week nutritional program aimed at inflammation-reduction
- Whole-wheat products, fermented dairy, fish, vegetables, nuts and berries
VRelax study
In 50 persons receiving ambulatory treatment for anxiety, psychotic, depressive or bipolar disorder, use of the VRelax was associated with improvements in
anxiety, sadness and cheerfullness
Side effect of nauseas
Effect of exercise on brain
Increases size of hippocamus and gray matter volume
Improves memory
Physical activity in patients with dementia
Combined aerobic and nonaerobic had an effect
Aerobic only had an effect
Non aerobic had no effect
High frequency and low frequency had an effect
Psychosocial consequences that result directly from the effects of neurotoxicity
o Aggressive behaviors
o Fatigue
o Irritability
Psychosocial consequences that result indirectly from the effects of neurotoxicity as a consequence of behavioral challenges
o Loss of employment
o Marital distress
o Suicidal thoughts
o Loss of self-esteem
Causes of OSN
- Ten years or more of exposure to neurotoxic solvents at or above workplace exposure standards
- Accidental intake of solvents into the bloodstream is either via
o Direct absorption through the skin
o Inhalation - Solvents accidentally or purposefully ingested (e.g., in suicide attempts) are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Amount of solvent retained depends on various factors
o Blood and tissue solubility of the solvent
o Its toxicity
o Diurnal metabolic cycles of the individual
o Alcohol use
o Possibly obesity (some solvents last longer in fat people than in thin people)
How can exposure level of solvent be measured
Urine
Blood
Exhaled air
Acute symptoms of OSN
o Nausea
o Loss of appetite
o Vomiting
o Severe headaches
o Confusion
o Light-headedness
o Dermatitis
Most of these resolve when people stop working with solvents
people who develop these symptoms don’t necessarily develop the chronic syndrome of OSN
What preexisting conditions may make some people more vulnerable to neurotoxic effects than others
o Genetic factors
o Systemic disease
o Other neurological conditions (e.g., alcohol related damage, closed head injury)
o Physical and psychiatric illnesses
Type 1 OSN
- The least severe presentation
- Characterized by subjective complaints of fatigue, irritability, depression, and episodes of anxiety
- No impairments are apparent on neuropsychological tests
- This type corresponds to the WHO classification of organic affective syndrome
- Is reversible on removal from the solvent
Type 2 OSN
- More severe and chronic than type 1
- Requires neuropsychological and clinical assessments to demonstrate chronic symptoms of neurotoxicity and cognitive impairments
- Diagnostic features include:
o Sustained personality or mood disturbances
o Fatigue
o Poor impulse control
o Poor motivation
o Impaired concentration, memory, and learning
o Psychomotor slowing - Not all symptoms are necessary for the diagnosis to be made
- Mild symptoms may be apparent after only 3 years of chronic industrial exposure,
o Period of 10 years or more of exposure is usual before symptoms become debilitating - Corresponds to the WHO classification of mild chronic toxic encephalopathy
- Although the term chronic indicates long-term changes, in some cases the symptoms may become less severe as the time since the last exposure to solvents lengthens
- Recovery may be enhanced by appropriate counseling or rehabilitation
Type 3 OSN
- A dementia
- Requires a global and progressive deterioration in memory, other intellectual functions, and emotion
- Corresponds to the WHO classification of severe chronic toxic encephalopathy
- Is irreversible
- This level of OSN is uncommon
- As safety standards in workplaces improve and self-employed workers become more aware of the importance of safety measures while using solvents, this level of OSN should become rare
