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SUM'20 - Advanced Principles > Week 1 maternal and fetal part 4 of 4 > Flashcards

Week 1 maternal and fetal part 4 of 4 Flashcards

1
Q

name the most common cause of polyhydramnios

A

esophageal atresia

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2
Q

which nerve is most commonly injured during abdominal hysterectomy

A

femoral nerve

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3
Q

which nerve may be injured during vaginal hysterectomy

how does this manifest?

A

common peroneal nerve

leads to foot drop

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4
Q

which nerve is commonly injured during vaginal delivery

A

lumbosacral nerve

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of anesthesia related maternal mortality

A

airway complications

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6
Q

fetal development size at 2-3 weeks post fertilization

A

fetus is microscopic in size.

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7
Q

fetal development

length at 12 weeks

A

10cm long

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8
Q

fetal development length at 20 wks

A

25cm long

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9
Q

fetal development 40 wks term length

A

53cm (21in)

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10
Q

fetal development weight reaches 1 lb at how many months

A

5.5mo

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11
Q

weight reaches 3 lbs at what month

A

7mo

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12
Q

weight reaches 4.5lbs at what month

A

8mo

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13
Q

term fetal weight

A

7lb

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14
Q

mother typically gains 11kg due to increase in what three things?

A

increased blood volume

size of fetus

placenta

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15
Q

heart rate close to term

A

140 bpm

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16
Q

when does fetal heart begin beating?

what is the average bpm at that point?

A

4 weeks

65bpm

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17
Q

fetal development cardiac output is constant at what Fetal heart rate?

A

constant from 120-180bpm

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18
Q

between what two weeks does surfactant production begin

A

23/24 weeks

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19
Q

** exam** how much pressure is needed to open airways

A

25-40mmhg

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20
Q

fetal development characteristic of liver metabolism

A

decreased liver metabolism

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21
Q

*** where does the spinal cord end in the fetus

A

L3

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22
Q

smaller airways leads to

A

high risk of obstruction

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23
Q

is fetal development lung compliance and FRC increased or decreased

A

decrease lung compliance

decrease FRC

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24
Q

fetal lungs have ____ closing capacity

A

increased closing capacity

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25
fetal large tongue=
high risk of obstruction | difficult intubation
26
HR fetal development
100-180bpm
27
what does cardiac output depend on
heart rate
28
fetal pC02=
40-45mmhg
29
fetal p02=
30mmhg
30
describe fetal shivering
unable to shiver meaning they are higher risk of hypothermia
31
how does the fetus produce heat
by burning brown fat
32
maintain room temp at
26c
33
fetal development 3rd week- nucleated RBC's formed where?
nucleated RBC's formed in yolk sac and mesothelium of placenta
34
fetal development 4 weeks | non - nucleated RBC's formed
formed by fetal mesenchymal and endothelial cells.
35
at 6 weeks blood cells are formed where?
liver forms blood cells
36
at 12 weeks. what happens to RBC development
spleen and lymphoid tissue, also bone marrow: red and white blood cells, other structures lose ability to form blood cells.
37
diffusion through placental membrane
simple diffusion from sinuses through villus membrane down pressure gradient to fetus
38
simple diffusion from sinuses through villus membrane down pressure gradient to fetus mean p02 in fetal blood pressure
30mmhg
39
simple diffusion from sinuses through villus membrane down pressure gradient to fetus mean p02 in villus
50mmhg
40
simple diffusion from sinuses through villus membrane down pressure gradient to fetus from maternal blood pressure
100mmhg
41
what is the fetal Hb affinity for 02
very high affinity
42
fetal Hb can carry how much more 02 % than maternal Hgb
20-30% more 02
43
which way does newborn oxygen-hb curve shift
left shift
44
fetal Hb concentration in blood is what % greater than in mother
50%
45
anemia when Hb< ___ newborn
13 10- g/dl in >3mos
46
name the two ways nutrients go from mother to fetus
similar to oxygen- higher to low gradient electrochemical gradients.
47
CO2 builds up until it is slightly higher in fetus umbilical arteries (___mmhg)
48mmhg
48
co2 is higher in fetus umbilical arteries at 48mmhg than in intervillous space (___mmhg)
43mmhg
49
fetal affinity for co2
affinity for c02 is lower in fetus- favoring transfer from fetus to mother
50
receptor mediated endocytosis from mother:
LDL | what does this mean
51
renin increases late in gestation due to what three things
Renal sympathetic nerve activity Reduction in Na and blood volume Change in renal perfusion pressure
52
fetal GFR and concentrating ability
low GFR | Low Concentrating ability
53
due to decrease GFR and decrease concentrating ability can the fetus tolerated volume overload
no they cannot tolerate volume overload.
54
fetal aldosterone level?
low, rapid clearance
55
angiotensin II not directly related to
renin (LOW ACE, HIGH CLEARANCE)
56
noninvasive diagnosis of fetal well being
transvaginal ultrasound: visualize vertebrae, kidneys, bladder, fingers and toes by 12 wks gestation
57
invasive diagnosis of fetal well being
amniocentesis 14-16 weeks: when amniotic cavity contains 150-200ml remove 20ml; with simultaneous ultrasound karyotyping, biochemical analyses, dna
58
diagnosis of fetal well being | Chorionic villus sampling
cytogenetic and biochemical testing recommended after 10 wks gestation; usually 2nd and 3rd trimester
59
Chorionic villus sampling - when is this testing recommended
recommended after 10 wks gestation, usually 2nd and 3rd trimester
60
diagnosis of fetal well being | Fetal blood sampling
transabdominal; from 17 wks into umbilical vein about 1 cm from placental cord insertion site

SUM'20 - Advanced Principles (16 decks)

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