Week 1: Neural Tissue

Question 1

The basic functional unit of the nervous system.

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Perform all of the communication, information processing, and control functions of the nervous system.

Answer 2

Function of Neurons

Question 3

Cells that support neurons and have functions essential to the survival and functionality of neurons.

Answer 3

Neuroglia

Question 4

• Separate and protect neurons
• Provide a supportive framework
• Act as phagocytes
• Regulate the composition of interstitial fluid

Answer 4

Function of Neuroglia

Question 5

Cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.

Answer 5

Perikaryon (Component of a Neuron)

Question 6

(of the perikaryon) contains neuro filaments, and neurotubules.

Answer 6

Cytoskeleton (Component of a Neuron)

Question 7

Bundles of neurofilaments.

Answer 7

Neurofibrils

Question 8

Are clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes (responsible in the “gray” in gray matter).

Answer 8

Nissl Bodies (Component of a Neuron)

Question 9

Extend from the cell body and are responsible for communication.

Answer 9

Dendrites (Component of a Neuron)

Question 10

Extend out from dendrites.

Answer 10

Dendritic Spines (Component of a Neuron)

Question 11

Receive information from both external and internal stimuli, process information, and send signals to initiate any necessary response.

Answer 11

Function of the Nervous System

Question 12

Are long cytoplasmic processes capable of propagating action potentials.

Answer 12

Axons (Component of a Neuron)

Question 13

The cytoplasm of an axon.

Answer 13

Axoplasm (Component of a Neuron)

Question 14

The cell membrane of an axon.

Answer 14

Axolemma (Component of a Neuron)

Question 15

aka Axon Hillock; where the axon and the cell body meet.

Answer 15

Initial Segment (Component of a Neuron)

Question 16

An axon may branch along its length, producing side branches called ________________.

Answer 16

Collaterals (Component of a Neuron)

Question 17

Are where telodendria end.

Answer 17

Synaptic (Axon) Terminal (Component of a Neuron)

Question 18

A specialized site where neurons communicate with another cell.

Answer 18

Synapse

Question 19

Sends a message.

Answer 19

Presynaptic Cell

Question 20

Receives message.

Answer 20

Postsynaptic Cell.

Question 21

The axon terminal of the presynaptic cell communicates with the postsynaptic cell using chemicals called __________________.

Answer 21

Neurotransmitters

Question 22

A synapse between a nerve and a muscle.

Answer 22

Neuro-muscular Synapse

Question 23

A synapse between a nerve and a gland.

Answer 23

Neuro-glandular Synapse

Question 24

A synapse between a nerve and another nerve.

Answer 24

Neuro-neuronal Synapse

Question 25

Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells.

Answer 25

Synaptic Cleft

Question 26

Neurotransmitters are stored in tiny vesicles in the ________________ and release their contents into the synaptic cleft when an __________________ arrives at the axon terminal.

Answer 26

Axon terminals, Action potential

Question 27

Neurotransmitters that are captured back in pieces from the synaptic cleft.

Answer 27

Resynthesized Neurotransmitters

Question 28

Neurotransmitters from the cell body.

Answer 28

Synthesized Neurotransmitters

Question 29

Transport away from body and toward distal axon.

Answer 29

Anterograde Transport

Question 30

Transport toward the body.

Answer 30

Retrograde Transport

Question 31

Are small neurons with no distinguishing feature.

Answer 31

Anaxonic Neurons (Classified by Structure)

Question 32

Rare neurons, and occur in special senses of sight, smell, hearing.

Answer 32

Bipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

Question 33

Represent most sensory neurons.

Answer 33

Unipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

Question 34

Represent all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscle.

Answer 34

Multipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

Question 35

Afferent, intero, extero, proprioceptors.

Answer 35

Sensory Neurons (Classified by Function)

Question 36

Somatic and visceral motor.

Answer 36

Motor Neurons (Classified by Function)

Question 37

Most abundant neuron, responsible for higher order functions.

Answer 37

Interneurons (Classified by Function)

Question 38

- Ependymal cells - Astrocytes - Oligodendrocytes - Microglia

Answer 38

Contents of CNS Glia

Question 39

- Schwann cells | - Satellite cells

Answer 39

Contents of PNS Glia

Question 40

Line the cerebral ventricles and central canal producing Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF).

Answer 40

Ependymal Cells

Question 41

- Maintain the blood brain barrier - Create 3D framework for CNS - Repair neural damage - Guide neuron development - Control the interstitial environment

Answer 41

Astrocytes

Question 42

Cooperate in forming a myelin sheath along the lengths of CNS axons.

Answer 42

Oligodendrocytes

Question 43

Phagocytic cells acting as wandering macrophage, acting as both "police" and "janitor".

Answer 43

Microglia

Question 44

Responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 44

Schwann Cells

Question 45

Schwann cells can only myelinate ______ segment of a _________ axon unlike _________________.

Answer 45

1, single, oligodendrocytes.

Question 46

Like astrocytes, maintain blood brain barrier helping to regulate neuron interstitial fluid.

Answer 46

Satellite Cells

Question 47

Most neurons lack ___________, important organelles involved during mitosis. For this reason, they cannot be replaced if lost to injury or disease.

Answer 47

Centrioles

Question 48

A series of fine extensions at the end of an axon.

Answer 48

Telodendria (Component of a Neuron)

Question 49

Monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems, and provide sensations of distension (stretch), deep pressure, and pain. (intero-, inside)

Answer 49

Interoceptors

Question 50

Provide information about the external environment in the form of touch, temperature or pressure sensation and the more complex senses of taste, smell, sight, equillibrium (balance), and hearing. (extero-, outside)

Answer 50

Exteroceptors

Question 51

Monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Answer 51

Proprioceptors