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Block 1 Theory > Week 1 - Nursing Concepts, Law, and Ethics > Flashcards

Week 1 - Nursing Concepts, Law, and Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

laws established in each of the United States to regulate the practice of nursing

A

Nurse Practice Acts

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2
Q

World Health Organization defines health as

A

physical, social, and mental well-being, not just absence of disease or infirmity

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3
Q

Nurses use what 4 competencies to meet the aims of nursing practice

A

technical, interpersonal, ethical/legal, and cognitive

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4
Q

The framework for health promotion nursing activities is centered around

A

the patient

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5
Q

4 major nursing aims

A

Promote health
Prevent illness
Restore health
Facilitate coping with disability or death

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6
Q

Key visionary that elevated the nursing profession

How did she do this?

A

Florence Nightingale

Elevated status of nurses
Focused on cleanliness, epidemiology, standards, reseach, and education

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7
Q

How do nurses promote health?

A

By identifying, analyzing, and maximizing our patient’s strengths to help prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disabilities or death

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8
Q

How do nurses prevent illness?

A

By educating patients and performing health assessments to identify risks for illness

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9
Q

How do nurses restore health?

A

By performing assessments, can detect illness symptoms and collaborate with their physician to diagnose and plan treatment for the patient
They also provide direct care to the patient and teach them

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10
Q

How do nurses facilitate coping with disability and death?

A

Educate patients and refer them to community support systems
Provide end-of-life care

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11
Q

Name 6 QSEN nursing competencies

A

Patient-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics

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12
Q

Healthy People 2030 focuses on

A

Health equity
Health disparity
Health literacy
Well-being of the population
Social determinants of health

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13
Q

What are some factors that affect health? (Name 8)

A

Genetics
Cognitive ability
Education level
Race, ethnicity, and culture
Age and gender
Developmental level
Lifestyle and environment
Socioeconomic status

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14
Q

What are the 5 parts of the Nursing Process?

A

Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

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15
Q

The institute of Medicine states that nurses should:

A

Practice to the extent of their training and education
Continue educating themselves
Effectively partner with providers to improve system
Improve data collection

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16
Q

What are the 6 outcomes that would come of a new, improved health system?

A

Safe
Effective
Efficient
Patient-centered
Timely
Equitable

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17
Q

Name 5 types of health care delivery and care coordination:

A

Hospitals
Specialty group practice
Community health centers
HMO’s and PPO’s
Medical homes

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18
Q

What are 4 different ways that patients pay for healthcare?

A

Out of pocket
Private insurance
Private employer insurance
Government finance (like Medicaid and Medicare, VHA, CHIP)

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19
Q

What are the 3 levels of healthcare?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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20
Q

Define primary healthcare:

A

Healthcare that treats common problems

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21
Q

Define secondary healthcare:

A

Healthcare that requires specialized clinical expertise (like OB, surgery, Ped’s, etc.)

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22
Q

Define tertiary healthcare:

A

Management of rare and complex disorders and diseases

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23
Q

What do the Nursing Practice Acts do?

A

Define the legal scope and definitions of nursing practice
Enforce rules and regulations through State Board
Establish criteria for education and licensure

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24
Q

What are the 5 modes of value transmission?

A

Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Reward / Punishment
Responsible choice

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25
Q

Describe modeling value transmission:

A

Child follows examples from parents

26
Q

Describe moralizing value transmission:

A

Child learns values from school/church

27
Q

Describe laissez-fare value transmission:

A

Child is not given guidance and left to develop own morals (which causes confusion)

28
Q

Describe reward-punishment value transmission:

A

Teaches child what is right or wrong by rewarding them for acceptable behavior and punishing them for unacceptable behavior

29
Q

Describe responsible choice value transmission:

A

Learning by weighing the consequences of their actions and if the outcome is worth it

30
Q

What are the 3 main activities of valuing?

A

Choosing
Prizing
Acting

31
Q

Describe the activity of choosing (pertaining to values):

A

Chooses one option over the alternatives after careful consideration of consequences

32
Q

Describe the activity of prizing (pertaining to values):

A

Involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation after making a choice

33
Q

Describe the activity of acting (pertaining to values):

A

The option chosen is combined into behavior and results in consistency and regularity

34
Q

Name 5 professional values of nurses:

A

Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity
Social justice

35
Q

Define altruism:

A

Concern for the well-being of others

36
Q

Define autonomy:

A

A person’s right to self-determination

37
Q

Define human dignity (pertaining to nursing):

A

Nurses should respect ALL patients in the same manner

38
Q

Define integrity (pertaining to nursing):

A

The nurse should act according to the code of ethics and standards of practice

39
Q

Define social justice (pertaining to nursing):

A

Nurses should uphold moral, legal, and human rights

40
Q

Name 8 principles of bioethics:

A

Autonomy (patient has the right to choose for themselves)

Nonmaleficence (cause no harm)

Beneficence (act to benefit the patient)

Justice (give everyone their due respect and act fairly)

Fidelity (keep your promises)

Veracity (maintain accuracy and be truthful)

Accountability (take responsibility for your actions)

Privacy and confidentiality (respect patient’s rights to privacy (HIPPA)

41
Q

What are nursing ethics?

A

A subset of bioethics that relate directly to nursing practices

42
Q

What is a utilitarian theory that guides actions?

A

A way of thinking that determines if one’s actions were right or wrong based on the outcome/consequences of that action
“End justifies the means”

43
Q

What is a deontologic theory that guides actions?

A

A way of thinking that says rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of the outcome/consequences
“End does not justify the means”

44
Q

What are the 7 basic tenets of the RN Bill of Rights?

A

Practice in a manner that fulfills obligation to society

Practice in an environment that functions according to legal scope and standards

Practice in an ethical environment

Advocate for yourself and your patient

Receive fair compensation for your worth

Practice in a safe environment for yourself and your patients

Negotiate employment conditions

45
Q

Define ethical dilemma:

A

When there are multiple choices of action but none of them are consistent with ethical principles

46
Q

Define ethical distress:

A

When you know what the right thing to do is but your own ethics make it difficult to follow that course of action

47
Q

Define law:

A

A rule of conduct that is established and enforced by the government to protect the public and their rights

48
Q

Define litigation:

A

The process of trying a lawsuit

49
Q

Define plaintiff:

A

The person that brings the suit to court

50
Q

Define defendant:

A

The person accused by the plaintiff

51
Q

What are the 3 types of laws?

A

Public
Private/civil
Criminal

52
Q

What are the 4 sources of laws?

A

Constitutions
Statutory
Administrative
Common

53
Q

What is a statutory law that is in place for nurses?

A

Nursing practice act

54
Q

What are regulatory/administrative laws for nurses?

A

The duty of a nurse to report to the State Board

55
Q

What is a common/judicial laws for nurses?

A

Malpractice act

56
Q

Define tort:

A

A wrong against a person or property

57
Q

What are some examples of intentional torts?

A

Assault
Battery
Defamation
Invasion of privacy
False imprisonment
Fraud

58
Q

What are some examples of unintentional torts?

A

Negligence
Malpractice

59
Q

What is malpractice?

A

The failure of a nurse to:
-Follow standards of care
-Responsibly use equipment
-Assess and monitor patients
-Communicate effectively
-Document
-Advocate for patient

60
Q

What are the 4 elements of informed consent?

A

Disclosure
Comprehension
Competence
Voluntariness

61
Q

What is recorded in an incident report?

A

Names and witnesses
Factual account of the incident
Date/Time/Location
Pertinent characteristics of the people involved
Equipment/Resources used

!! DOES NOT GO IN PATIENT’S CHART !!

62
Q
A

Block 1 Theory (6 decks)

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