WEEK 1 PEC REGION, BREAST, AXILLA

Question 1

Why does the variable inferior border of pec region vary?

Answer 1

Bc females have different size breasts, typically around T5 for males (nipple at T4)

Question 2

What makes up the thoracic cage?

Answer 2

Sternum, jugular notch, vertebrae

Question 3

Another name for jugular notch?

Answer 3

Suprasternal notch

Question 4

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 4

Clavicle and scapula held together by muscles and ligaments

Question 5

Does the origin or insertion typically move?

Answer 5

Insertion; origin is a fixed location

Question 6

The lateral pectoral nerves goes through both the pec major and minor?

Answer 6

False. Lateral nerve only goes through Pec Major. Medial Pec nerve goes through BOTH

Question 7

What makes the base of the axilla?

Answer 7

Fascia and skin

Question 8

What makes the apex of the axilla?

Answer 8

Clavicle and rib 1

Question 9

What is the “inlet” of the axilla?

Answer 9

The apex region (clavicle and rib 1)

Question 10

What makes the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 10

Pectoral muscles

Question 11

What makes the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 11

Humerus

Question 12

What makes the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 12

Rib cage

Question 13

What makes the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 13

Subscapularis (teres major and latissimus dorsi)

Question 14

What are the contents of axilliary?

Answer 14

Axillary artery & its branchs, axillary vein, axillary lymph nodes, brachial plexus of nerve (ventral rami of C5-T1) and axillary tail of Spence (of female breast)

Question 15

Where is the axillary tail of Spence?

Answer 15

Female breast that connects into axillary

Question 16

What are the vertebrae that start the brachial plexus?

Answer 16

C5-T1

Question 17

What is found WITHIN the axillary sheath?

Answer 17

Axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus nerves

Question 18

Artery verses vein

Answer 18

Artery= away from heart, vein= towards heart

Question 19

The axillary artery is a continuation of what artery?

Answer 19

Subclavian artery

Question 20

The axillary artery STARTS where?

Answer 20

At the lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 21

Axillary artery supplies what areas of the body?

Answer 21

Pectoral region, axilla, upper extremity (some back around scapula)

Question 22

What does axilla mean?

Answer 22

Armpit, or space below shoulder where arm connects

Question 23

Where does the brachial artery START?

Answer 23

At the LATERAL border of teres major muscle

Question 24

List in order the subclavian, aorta, brachial, axillary arteries as they leave the heart

Answer 24

Heartaortasubclavianaxillarybrachial

Question 25

Describe the location of the arteries in the first segment of the axillary artery?

Answer 25

Medial to the pec minor

Question 26

Describe the location of the arteries in the second segment of the axillary artery?

Answer 26

Deep to the pec minor

Question 27

Describe the location of the arteries in the third segment of the axillary artery?

Answer 27

Lateral to the pec minor

Question 28

What is the artery in the first segment of axillary artery branch? What is does?

Answer 28

Superior thoracic artery= supplies first two intercostal spaces

Question 29

What is the artery in the second segment of axillary artery branch? What is does?

Answer 29

* Thoracoacromial trunk= has clavicular, pectoral, deltoid, and acromial branches * Lateral thoracic artery= runs with long thoracic nerve and supplies those muscles

Question 30

What is the artery in the third segment of axillary artery branch? What is does?

Answer 30

* Subscapular artery= divides into thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular branches * Anterior humeral circumflex artery= passes around surgical neck of humerus * Posterior humeral circumflex artery= runs with axillary nerve

Question 31

What artery runs with the long thoracic nerve?

Answer 31

Lateral thoracic artery

Question 32

What two veins make the axillary vein?

Answer 32

Brachial vein and basilic vein (pinky)

Question 33

What vein drains into the axillary vein?

Answer 33

Cephalic (thumb)

Question 34

What arteries/veins supply the breast?

Answer 34

Lateral AND medial mammary branches

Question 35

Mammary branches come off of what artery/vein?

Answer 35

Lateral thoracic (which comes off of axillary)

Question 36

What specific lymph nodes drains the breast?

Answer 36

Anterior lymph nodes

Question 37

What innervates the breast?

Answer 37

Supraclavicular nerves and intercostal nerve endings

Question 38

What is special about the nerves in the breast?

Answer 38

They are sensory only, can’t actually cause motor movement

Question 39

Name the 5 clusters of lymph nodes in axillary?

Answer 39

Lateral, posterior, anterior, central, and apical

Question 40

Lateral node

Answer 40

Receives most of the upper limb drainage

Question 41

Posterior node

Answer 41

Drains the upper back

Question 42

Anterior node

Answer 42

Drain the BREAST and anterior trunk

Question 43

Central node

Answer 43

Receive lymph from several other groupings of lymph nodes

Question 44

Apical nodes

Answer 44

Connect with supraclavicular nodes

Question 45

List the order of lymph node drainage?

Answer 45

Axillary nodes (all 5)supraclavicular nodessubclavian lymph nodesright lymphatic duct right brachiocephalic vein (venous return to heart)

Question 46

Lymphedema occurs because?

Answer 46

Of obstructions in the flow of lymph

Question 47

Areolar glands

Answer 47

Secret during breat feeding for protection

Question 48

Suspensory ligaments

Answer 48

Ligaments found in the breast to give structure

Question 49

Lactiferous duct

Answer 49

Transfer milk from the mammary lobules to the nipple in a breasts

Question 50

Mammary lobules

Answer 50

Produce milk in breasts

Question 51

Areola

Answer 51

Entire dark patch of protective skin that surrounds the nipple

Question 52

Adult woman during lactating? After menopause?

Answer 52

Lactating have LARGE mammary lobules, after menopause little and less suspensory ligaments

Question 53

Most affected area of breast cancer is in what location?

Answer 53

Superolateral breast, typically something with suspensory ligaments, texture change, spreads through lymph