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audio engineering > Week 1 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

As the vibrating mass moves inward from it’s normal resting state, an area with a lower than normal atmospheric pressure will be created, in a process call what?

A

Rarefaction

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2
Q

Sound arrives at the ear in the form of periodic variations in an atmospheric pressure called____

A

Sound Pressure Waves

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3
Q

Any mechanical or electrical device that changes one form of energy into another corresponding form of energy, is called what?

A

A transducer

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4
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The distance above or below the centerline of a waveform which represents the aplitude level of that signal

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5
Q

Describe frequency

A

The rate in which an acoustic generator, electrical signal or vibrating mass repeats within a cycle of positive and negative amplitude.

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6
Q

What is the HZ range of human hearing?

A

20hz to 20,000hz

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7
Q

Describe wavelength

A

The wavelength of a waveform is the physical distance in a medium between the beginning and the end of a cycle.

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8
Q

What is phase shift?

A

A term that describes one waveform’s lead or lag time with respect to another. Basically a time delay between tow (or more) waveforms.

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9
Q

What is sine wave>

A

Is composed of a single frequency that produces a pure sound at a specific pitch.

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10
Q

Partials that are higher than the fundamental frequency are called___ or ____

A

Partials or overtones

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11
Q

Overtone frequencies that are whole number multiplies of the fundamental frequency are called___

A

Harmonics

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12
Q

What are complex waves?

A

Represents practically all other sounds that are produced in music and nature. They almost never repeat and often are not symmetrical about the zero line.

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13
Q

Envelope is composed of 4 sections which are?

A

ADSR

Attack
Decay
Sustain
Release

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14
Q

What is logarithm?

A

A mathematical function that reduces large numeric values into smaller more manageable numbers

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15
Q

What is logarithmic?

A

Logarithmic values are used to express the differences in intensities between two levels.

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16
Q

The log of the number 2 is…

A

0.3

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17
Q

When a number is an integral power of 10(e.g, 100, 1000, 10,000) the log can be found by

A

Simply adding up the zeros in that number

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18
Q

Numbers that are greater than 1 will…

A

Have a positive log value

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19
Q

Numbers that are less than 1 will…

A

Have a negative log value

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20
Q

The decibel (db) is a logarithmic value that

A

expresses differences in intensities between two levels

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21
Q

Voltage can be thought of as

A

the pressure behind electrons within a wire

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22
Q

1 db change is

A

noticeable to most ears (but not by much)

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23
Q

Turning something up by 3 db will

A

double the signals level but it will only be perceived as being 1 1/4 times as loud

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24
Q

Turning something down 3 db will

A

Halve the signals level

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25
What are beats?
Two tones that differ only slightly in frequency and have approximately the same amplitude will produce an effect known as beats
26
Combination Tones...
Results when two loud tones differ by more than 50 hz
27
Masking is...
The phenomenon by which loud signals prevent the ear from hearing softer sounds
28
3 types of reflections are commonly generated within an enclosed space which are
1. Direct Sound 2. Early reflections 3. Reverberation (reverb)
29
Abffusor
An acoustic panel offering both absorptive and reflective properties
30
Absolute Pitch
The ability of a person to accurately determine the exact pitch of a musical note
31
Absorption
In acoustics the conversion of sound energy (pressure) to heat
32
Absorption Coefficient
The fraction of sound energy that is absorbed by any surface. Measured between 0-1 The count of 0.63 represents 63% of absorption
33
ACETATE
A very thin plastic film, used as a base material in the production of magnetic recording tape
34
Acoustic Baffle
Any partition, designed to be an acoustic obstruction
35
Acoustic Centre
Is an imaginary point from which a sound wave or program material appears to originate
36
Acoustic Lens
A high frequency speaker attachment system | Designed to increase the radiation angle of the high frequency speaker or horn
37
Acoustic Suspension System
A sealed loud speaker cabinet in which the enclosed volume of air acts as an acoustic resistance to the speaker cone
38
Acoustics
The science of sound and the effect it has on a given environment
39
Active Crossover
A crossover which splits frequencies at low levels, before the power amplifier
40
Active Device
A network or circuit capable of supplying a voltage gain
41
Address
A time or location point within program material often selected as a "go to" for machines via time code
42
Address Bits
In SMPTE time code, a bit group assigned to various time, sync, or user defined functions
43
AES
Audio Engineering Society
44
AES/EBU
An interface format for digital signals, using a balanced 110 ohm microphone cable terminated
45
AFL
After Fade Listen A recording studio console feature
46
AFM
Advanced frequency Modulation | An improved version of frequency modulation
47
AIRY
Spacious, open | Instruments sound as they are surrounded by a large space
48
Algorithm
A sequence of well defined rules and instructions describing a procedure to solve a particular problem
49
ALIASING
The creation of incorrect or "alias" frequencies
50
Alignment
The adjustment of an electronic or mechanical device to bring up to manufacturers specifications
51
Alignment Tape
A tape containing a series of test tones at a standard reference level Is used to verify the performance of the tape recorder's playback system
52
Ambience
The distinctive acoustical characteristics of a given space
53
Ampere
Unit of measurement for current (A)
54
Amplifier
A electronic circuit designed to boost an electrical signal with the least amount of distortion
55
Amplifier line
An amplifier designed to operate at intermediate levels its output is usually on the order of one volt
56
Amplitude
The maximum height of a waveform at any given point
57
Amplitude distortion
A distortion of the wave shape of a signal
58
Analog
An electrical signal whose frequency and level vary continuously in direct relationship to the original electrical signal
59
Analog Recording
The method of recording in which the recorded waveform is an analog of the acoustical electrical source signal ex: analog multitrack tape recorder
60
A/D Converter
A device which converts (encodes) a analog signal (continuous) into a digital word
61
ANECHOIC
Without any form of echo | Used to measure acoustic performances of various devices
62
ANECHOIC CHAMBER
A room designed to provide a reflection free (acoustically dead) environment for acoustic evaluation of loudspeakers and microphones
63
ARTICULATION
A quantitative measure of the intelligibility of speech | The percentage of speech items correctly perceived and recorded
64
Artificial Reverberation
Reverberation generated by electrical or acoustical means to simulate that of concert halls large rooms or similar
65
ASA
Acoustical Society of America
66
Assemble Editing
An editing mode, where the main erase head removes everything that's already on tape The VCR records all incoming video, audio and control track information onto the tape replacing completely any previously recorded signals
67
Assembly
The first process of editing Usually applied to film When the various shots are joined together in a rough order to produce a rough cut
68
Assign
To send or route an audio signal to a channel or tape recorder track
69
Attack
The beginning of a sound | The initial transient of a musical note
70
Attack Time
The time it takes devices such as compressor, to react to a change in level of the input signal
71
ATTENUATE
To reduce the amplitude or intensity of a sound
72
ATTENUATION PAD
A resistive network inserted in aline to lower the level by a specified number of decibel (db)
73
Attenuator
A device with variable resistance, used to control the level of an electrical signal
74
Audio Frequency
An acoustical or electrical signal of a frequency that falls within the audible range of the human ear 20hz to 20khz
75
Audio Spectrum
The sound spectrum between 20hz to 20kHz
76
Auditory Area
The sensory area lying between the threshold of hearing and the threshold of feeling or pain
77
Auditory Cortex
The region of the brain receiving nerve impulses from the ear
78
Auditory System
The human hearing system made up of the external ear. the middle ear, the inner ear, the nerve pathways, and the brain
79
Auto Locator
A tape recorder remote control unit which provides the operator with most of the tape recorder functions
80
Aux Send
Auxiliary Send A feature found in studio or live consoles Usually used to send signal to effects or headphones
81
Axial Mode
The room resonances associated with each pair of parallel walls
82
Azimuth
The angular relationship between the head gap and the tape
83
Azimuth Alignment
The mechanical adjustment of the record or playback head to bring it into proper alignment with the tape path
84
Back Coating
A thing coating applied to the back of a magnetic recording tape, generally to reduce both slippage and the build up of static charges
85
Back Plate
The fixed rear element in the capacitor/diaphragm of a condenser microphone
86
Back Time
The calculation of a start point by first finding the finish point and subtracting the duration This can relate to edit point or the recording of narration
87
Backline
A term used in live music referring to equipment amps and drums all musicians and backing singers excluding the lead vocalist
88
Baffle
A movable barrier used in the recording studio to achieve separation of signals or it refers to the surface upon which a loudspeaker is mounted
89
Balance
The relative level of two or more instruments in a mix as determined by the producer
90
Balanced Line
A method of sending a signal via two wires neither of which are directly tied to the earth of the system
91
Balancing Engineer
The person responsible for the balance and technical supervision of a recording or mix down session
92
Ballistics
A physical property of a meter movement referring to its ability to precisely respond to the envelope of the signal being measured
93
Bandpass Filter
A filter that attenuate signals both below and above the desired pass band
94
Bandwidth
the frequency ranged passed by a given device or structure
95
Basic Tracks
In multi task recording those tracks that are recorded first In general the rhythm tracks (guitars, bass, drums)
96
Basilar Membrane
A membrane inside the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound, exciting the hair cells
97
Bass
The lower range of audible frequencies
98
Bass Boost
The increase in level of the lower range of frequencies
99
Bass Reflex Enclosure
A loudspeaker enclosure with an open port cut into the front baffle Also called a vented enclosure
100
BAUD
Is the transmission rate of a digital signal measured in seconds
101
BCD
Binary Coded Decimal
102
BEATS
Periodic fluctuations that are heard when sounds of slightly different frequencies are superimposed
103
BEL
A relative measure of sound intensity or volume
104
Bi Amplification
The separate amplification of the audio spectrum which has been split into two regions (by the use of crossover)
105
Bi-Directional Microphone
A microphone that is sensitive to front and rear originating sounds, and relatively insensitive to side originating sounds
106
Bi-Phase Modulation
The encoding scheme employed in the SMPTE time code
107
Bias Beats
An audio frequency signal that may be created if two slightly different bias frequencies are combined
108
Bias Frequency
The frequency of the applied bias signal generally about 120 to 180Khz
109
Bias Oscillator
A fixed frequency oscillator built into the tape recorder to supply the bias current
110
Bias Trap
A filter designed to block the bias frequency thus preventing it from overloading the record or playback amplifiers in a tape recorder
111
Binary Digit
Any one of the two digits (0,1) used in Binary Numbering System
112
Binary Coded Decimal
A decimal number in which each digit is encoded into its binary equivalent
113
Binaural
A situation involving listening with two ears (stereo)
114
Binder
The medium in which magnetic particles are suspended to form the oxide coating in magnetic recording tape

audio engineering (1 decks)

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