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Anatomy Year 2 - Neuro > Week 1 - WET > Flashcards

Week 1 - WET Flashcards

1
Q

In which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie?

A

Posterior

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2
Q

Embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Hindbrain (rhomboencephalon —-> metencephalon + myelencephalon)

  • metencephalon —> pons + cerebellum
  • myelencephalon –> medulla
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3
Q

What are the cavities (of the ventricular system) that lie within the brainstem?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

4th ventricle

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

VI, VII, VIII

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5
Q

Which of these cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

A

VI

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6
Q

In the medulla, what are the pyramids?

A

(Descending) Tracts of motor fibres

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7
Q

Posteriorly on the medulla, identify the parts of the medulla known as the “open” and “closed” part. Which of these is superior and which inferior?

A

Open = superior

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8
Q

What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?

A

4th ventricle

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9
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen Magnum

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10
Q

What is the middle cerebellar peduncle made up of?

A

Centripetal fibres (incoming fibres)

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11
Q

What part of the brain lies:

1) immediately superior to the midbrain?………………………….
2) immediately inferior to the midbrain?……………………….

A

1) Diencephalon
2) Pons

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12
Q

Regarding the midbrain, what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for?

A

Projection - consist of both afferent and efferent nerve fibers that connect the brain with the spinal cord

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13
Q

Which two parts of the brain does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Fornix

Midbrain

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14
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called?

A

Mamillary bodies

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16
Q

What is the epithalamus ?

A

The epithalamus is a small region of the diencephalon consisting of the pineal gland, and 2 other things

17
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

18
Q

Name the 3 lobes of the cerebellum.

A

Anterior

Posterior

Flocculo-nodular

19
Q

To what part(s) of the brain is the cerebellum anatomically connected to by peduncles?

A

Brainstem

20
Q

Name the cranial fossa that the cerebellum is in contact with

A

Posterior

21
Q

Identify the foramen in the skull that the cerebellum sits above

A

Foramen Magnum

22
Q

The part of the cerebellum that sits atop this foramen is called the …………………

A

Tonsils

23
Q

In instances where there is a sudden drop in intracranial pressure, the tonsils may herniate through this foramen. What is this called?

A

Cerebellar coning

24
Q

What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Median Longitudinal Fissure

25
Q

What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum?

A

Commisural - axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

26
Q

Which lobe contains the Primary Motor Cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

27
Q

Which lobe contains the Primary Visual Cortex?

A

Occipital

28
Q

Which lobe contains the Primary Sensory Cortex?

A

Parietal

29
Q

Which lobe contains the Primary Auditory Cortex?

A

Temporal

30
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in: a) the adult………………………………………….

b) the new born………………………………………………..

A

adult = L1/L2

New born = L3/L4

31
Q

At what vertebral level does the dura terminate?

A

S2

32
Q

At what vertebral level does the arachnoid terminate?

A

S2

33
Q

What happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord?

A

Continues as filum terminale

34
Q

At what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult?

A

L3/L4

35
Q

How would you position the patient to gain access to the lumbar cistern and why?

A

Foetal position - maximise gap between lumbar vertebrae

36
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

37
Q

Is damage to the cauda equina classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?

A

LMN

38
Q
A

Anatomy Year 2 - Neuro (3 decks)

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