Week 1 - word classes Flashcards

1
Q

Noun

A
  • person, place, thing, classification, concept, quality, or action
  • care, dignity, people, table
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2
Q

Pronoun

A
  • word that stands for or in place of a noun

- it, he, they

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3
Q

Verb

A
  • Action, occurrence, condition, state of being

- rocking, drinking, consider

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4
Q

Adjective

A
  • Words that modify noun or pronoun
  • hungry, black, five
  • answers the question which, how many, what kind
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5
Q

Adverb

A
  • word that modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs, clauses and whole sentences
  • end in LY
  • quickly, slowly, intensely
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6
Q

preposition

A
  • structure or function words

- to, for, about

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7
Q

Conjuction

A
  • structure words that join together other parts of sentences
  • and, either, or, but
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8
Q

interjecion

A
  • Words dropped into a sentence to express emotion

- it was well

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9
Q

what two elements does every sentence need?

A

a subject and predicate

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10
Q

what is a subject?

A

what acts or is talked about

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11
Q

what is the predicate?

A
  • what the subject does or what is said about it
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12
Q

what is the essential element of a sentences subject

A

a noun or a pronoun

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13
Q

what is a complete subject

A

refers to the subject in its entirety - including all modifying elements

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14
Q

what is a simple subject

A

refers tot he most basic element of the subject

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15
Q

what is the essential element of a predicate

A

a verb

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16
Q

what is a transitive verb?

A
  • A verb taking a direct object
  • makes a transition or conveys a movement from its subject to its object
  • I THREW the ball
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17
Q

what is a direct object?

A
  • answers the question consisting of the verb and what or whom
  • receives the action of the verb
18
Q

what is an indirect object?

A
  • exists in relation to the verb (gave to whom)
19
Q

what is an object complement

A

provides more information about the direct object

20
Q

what are the four patterns to transitive verbs

A
  1. subject verb direct object
    - I ate a pear
  2. subject verb direct object object complement
    - she painted the chair red
  3. subject verb indirect object direct object
    - i gave jack a pear
  4. subject verb direct object indirect object
    - i gave a pear to jack
21
Q

what is active voice

A

subject verb direct object

- tim ate the apple

22
Q

what is passive voice?

A
  1. direct object as subject - verb - proper subject
    - the apple was eaten by tim
  2. direct object of verb with no subject
    - the documents have been copied
23
Q

trick to passive voice

A

add by zombies after the verb - if it makes sense its passive fix by adding a noun (subject) if it doesnt make sense its active

24
Q

what is an intransitive verb?

A

a verb without a direct object (does not lead to or require one)

25
what is a linking verb?
links to a subject complement (more info about the subject) | - don't have objects
26
what is an auxillary verb
go with other verbs to form verb phrases indicating tense, voice, and mood
27
what is a subject complement?
an adjective, noun, or pronoun that describes the subject
28
what is an independent clause?
is a clause that can stand by itself as a sentence | - i am awake
29
what is a dependent clause?
cannot stand alone in a sentence | - even though i am awake
30
what is a clause?
a group of words containing a subject and a predicate
31
what is a simple sentence?
one independent clause - can have more than one predicate - can have more than one subject - can have a compound subject and a compound predicate
32
what is a compound sentence?
two or more independent clauses | - need a coordinating conjunction
33
what is a complex sentence
one independent and one subordinate clause | - independent clause is always the main clause of the sentence
34
what is a compound complex sentence?
at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause
35
what is a coordinating conjunction
links two independent clauses together in a compound sentence FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
36
what is a subordinating conjunction
used to make a complex sentence | - though, although, after, as, when, while, until, before, because, if, since
37
what are the two ways of a run on sentence
- comma splice | - fused sentence
38
what are the ways to correct a run on sentence?
1. add a period 2. use a semicolon 3. use a comma and coordinating conjunction 4. use a subordinating conjunction
39
what is the use of a semicolon?
- used to join two closely related sentences (or independent clauses) * can be connected by conjunctive adverbs - to avoid confusion when listing items in a series
40
what are the uses of a colon?
- to introduce a list or thought - to introduce an idea - must be a complete thought before the colon - on the right can be a clause, phrase, or a word
41
when is a colon not needed?
- following the words such as or including | - after a linking verb or a preposition (to, from, with, for)