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Anatomy > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

Food enters the mouth

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2
Q

Mastication (chewing)

A

Mechanically grinding food with the teeth and tongue

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3
Q

Digestion

A

The chemical act of breaking down food into small molecules

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4
Q

Secretion

A

Release of acid, enzymes, and water to aid in the breakdown of food

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Food passes through lining of digestive tract into blood stream

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6
Q

Excretion or defecation

A

Elimination of waste products

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7
Q

Four quadrants

A
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8
Q

Functions of digestion (gastrointestinal) system

A

Takes in
Breaks down
Use what we can
Get rid of what we do not need

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9
Q

Tongue

A

Provides taste stimuli to your brain, determines temperature and manipulates food

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10
Q

Salivary gland

A

3 pairs of salivary glands controlled by the autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

Does food ever enter the body

A

No

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12
Q

The parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

Epiglottis

A

Covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs, forcing into the opening of the esophagus

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14
Q

Esophagus

A

It extends from the pharynx through the thoracic cavity, through the diaphragm, connecting to the stomach in the peritoneal cavity

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15
Q

Mucosa

A

Innermost layer lines the lumen of the canal

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16
Q

Submucosa

A

Next layer of the lumen and is composed of soft connective tissue

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17
Q

Stomach

A

Is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm and is covered completely by the liver

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18
Q

Rugea

A

Folds that help the stomach expand and contract

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19
Q

Defecation

A

As the rectum fills with feces, a defecation reflex occurs which causes rectal muscles to contract and the anal sphincter to relax

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20
Q

Hard palates

A

The front part of the roof of your mouth

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21
Q

Soft palates

A

Back part of the roof of your mouth behind the hard palates

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22
Q

Bolus

A

Food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva

23
Q

Lower esophagus sphincter

A

How food bolus enters the stomach

24
Q

Chyme

A

When food is partially digested, it resembles a thick creamy liquid

25
Q

Gastric juice

A

Released by the cells that are part of the mucosal layer of the stomach layer
Inhibiting infectious agents from reach the intestines

26
Q

Villi

A

In the walls of the small intestine that have tiny finger-like projections

27
Q

The three parts of the small intestine

A

The duodenum, jejunum, ileum

28
Q

Large intestine

A

At the end of junction of the small intestine and extending to the anus
Water absorption, absorption of vitamins, and remove waste products

29
Q

Cecum

A

Receives any undigested food and water from the ileum
Some water is reabsorbed in the cecum

30
Q

Three parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum, colon, rectum

31
Q

Appendix

A

Is attached to the Cecum. Has no known purpose

32
Q

Colon has what 4 secetions

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

33
Q

Rectum

A

The anal sphincter opens and closes to allow the passage of solid waste

34
Q

Liver

A

Located inferior to the diaphragm and is the largest glandular organ in the body
Has a lot of functions vital to life

35
Q

Bile

A

Is a fluid released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

36
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile

37
Q

Pancreas

A

Contains Buffers and digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
Buffers are needed to neutralize the acidity of the chyme

38
Q

Emulsification

A

Process of dispersing two or more liquids together to form a semi stable mixture

39
Q

Salivary glands

A

Makes Silvia, keeps your mouth moist and supports healthy teeth

40
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Also called baby teeth,
Smaller and whiter then permanent teeth

41
Q

Alimentary canal

A

A whole passage which food passes through from the mouth to the anus

42
Q

Fundus

A

The part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the opening

43
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Serves as a kind of gateway between the stomach and the small intestines

44
Q

Peristalsis

A

Moves the food towards the large intestine

45
Q

The difference between the functions of the large intestine and the small intestine

A

Small intestine - digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Large intestine - absorption of water and production of vitamins

46
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Proteins that break down food and aid digestion

47
Q

Vomitting

A

Protective mechanisms
Irritation or overload of food

48
Q

Diarrhea

A

Fluid contents in the small intestine are rushed through the large intestine without absorbing enough water

49
Q

Constipation

A

Feces pass to slowly through the colon and too much water is absorbed
Refers to the hard consistency of stool

50
Q

Segmentation

A

Movement of food towards and through the digestive track

51
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Gallbladder inflamed

52
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of pancreases

53
Q

How long does it take for food to get from your mouth to your rectum

A

20 hours

Anatomy (21 decks)

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