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Biomaterials > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

With regards to the periodic table, what are ceramics?

A
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2
Q

metal-oxygen elements bonded via ionic bonds

A

ceramics

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3
Q

What structure does the metals and oxygen form in a ceramic material?

A

3D crystalline lattice

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4
Q

What are the 4 applications of ceramics?

A
  1. dental implants
  2. bone graft substitutes
  3. bone cements
  4. orthopedic load bearing coatings
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5
Q

What are 6 applications of dental ceramics?

A
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6
Q

What are the 5 general characteristics of ceramics?

A
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7
Q

What are the 3 advantages of ceramics?

A
  1. biocompatibility
  2. high wear resistance
  3. light weight
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8
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of ceramics?

A
  1. low tensile strength
  2. low toughness
  3. difficult to fabricate
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9
Q

What two things describe amorphous ceramics?

A
  1. atoms exhibit short-range order
  2. no distinct melting temperature
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10
Q

What two things describe crystalline ceramics?

A
  1. atoms arranged in a regularly repeated array (long-range order)
  2. high melting points, strong, hard, brittle, good corrosion resistance
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11
Q

What are the 3 ways to classify ceramics?

A
  1. composition (oxides vs. no-oxides)
  2. degree of crystal/amorphous phase
  3. reactivity with body/biological processes
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12
Q

Describe 4 properties of oxides

A
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13
Q

Describe 4 properties of non-oxides

A
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14
Q

Alumina, Zirconia, and Beryllium are types of

A

oxidies

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15
Q

Nitrides, carbides, and borides are types of

A

non-oxides

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16
Q

Describe the 3 classifications based on reactivity and give an example for each

A
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17
Q

Describe the 4 classifications based on phases

A
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18
Q

What are the 4 properties of ceramics?

A
  1. mechanical properties
  2. thermal properties
  3. optical properties
  4. biological properties
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19
Q

What are the 3 mechanical properties of ceramics?

A
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20
Q

Compare ceramics, metals and polymers

A
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21
Q

What is the biocompatibility of ceramics?

A
  • ceramics are biocompatible (mineral adverse effects on biological tissues)
  • some loss of mass occurs (corrosion) during service
22
Q

What are some examples of ceramics?

A
23
Q

This material is commonly used for windows, drinking glasses, bottles, ocular prostheses, and sensors

A

silicate glass (SiO2)

24
Q

What is silicate glass composed of?

A

silica (SiO2) –> silicon dioxide

25
Q

One of the most abundant oxides in the earth’s crust

A

silicon dioxide

26
Q

What are the 3 crystalline forms of SiO2?

A
27
Q

What are the 2 amorphous forms of SiO2? What are 3 characteristics of amorphous SiO2?

A
28
Q

Describe the thermal expansion of various forms of silica

A
29
Q

What are 5 other names for alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

A
  1. aluminum oxides
  2. corundum
  3. sapphire
  4. ruby
  5. aloxite
30
Q

When are alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) commonly used?

A
  1. orthopaedics (hip and knee prostheses)
  2. dentistry (porcelain crowns)
31
Q

What are three characteristics of alumina/aluminum dioxide (Al2O3)?

A
  1. bioinert
  2. biocompatible
  3. excellent wear resistance
32
Q

True or false: Al2O3 is insoluble in water and organic liquids

A

True

33
Q

What are 3 applications of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)?

A
34
Q

Where are calcium phosphates (CaP) naturally found?

A

body and rocks
- bone
- dentin and enamel
- calcification of arteries

35
Q

What are the 6 different forms of natural CaP?

A
36
Q

What are the most commonly CaP phases used in biomedical applications?

A
37
Q

What is the most commonly known crystalline CaP biomaterial? Where is it found?

A
38
Q

What are the 4 features of HAp?

A
39
Q

What are three different biomedical applications of CaP?

A
40
Q

process by which osteogenesis is induced and recruitment of immature cells

A

induction

41
Q

bone grows on a surface (implants)

A

conduction

42
Q

stable and anchorage of an implant achieved by direct bone-to-implant contact

A

integration

43
Q

What is bioactive glass designed to do?

A

bond of glass to teeth/bone

44
Q

Bioactive glass is approved by the FDA and is called

A

bioglass

45
Q

What type of system is used in bioactive glass?

A

silicate-glass (glass-ceramic) based system

46
Q

What are the two formulations of bioactive glass?

A
47
Q

What is the bioactive glass reaction?

A
48
Q

Use this diagram to describe the bioactive glass reaction

A
49
Q

What are the two most common commercial bioglasses?

A
50
Q

What are the 7 applications of bioactive glasses?

A

Biomaterials (10 decks)

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