Week 10

Question 1

Descriptive Research

Answer 1

To describe general patterns of phenomena as they exist

Question 2

Descriptive research

Answer 2

Usually research is usually based on survey or observational data

Question 3

Types of descriptive research

Answer 3

Quantitative/Qualitative Research

Question 4

Quantitative Descriptive

Answer 4

Research focuses on establishing relationships between variables, hypothesis testing, and the
development of generalizations across populations

Question 5

Qualitative Descriptive

Answer 5

Focused on observing documenting and detailing specific activities within a social setting

Question 6

Where should descriptive research designs be used?

Answer 6

• When phenomena is new/needs to be described
• When there are changes in the phenomena
• When mechanisms underlying causal relationships need to be understood

Question 7

How descriptive research informs policy?

Answer 7

Can help policymakers and practitioners.

Question 8

What do descriptive research questions looks like?

Answer 8

• Who is enrolled/participated
• When was _ occurring?
• How much time was spent?

Question 9

Descriptive research steps

Answer 9

1. Identify the phenomena
2. Consider which feature of the phenomenon are most important
3. Identify the constructs that best represent the most important features
4. Determine whether there are observable patterns in the data
5. Communicate the patterns in the data that describes the realities of the phenomenon
6. Rethink and repeat as needed

Question 10

What is survey research?

Answer 10

Quantitatively measure social and behavioural phenomena

Question 11

What is a survey

Answer 11

a measurement tool used to gather
information from people by asking questions about one or more topics

Question 12

Types of survey

Answer 12

• Questionnaires
• Interviews

Question 13

Types of questionnaire

Answer 13

• Questions v. Statements
• Information v. Preferences/values
• Open vs. closed ended

Question 14

Types of survey questions

Answer 14

• Unstructured/Open ended
• Structured / Closed-ended

Question 15

Nominal Response Format

Answer 15

A response form a t that has a number beside each choice where the number has no meaning except as a placeholder for that response

Question 16

Ordinal Response Format

Answer 16

Ranking possible answers in order of preference

Question 17

Interval-level Response Format

Answer 17

A response measured on an interval level, where the size of the interval between potential response values is meaningful.
Most 1-to-5 rating responses can be considered interval level.

Question 18

Likert-type Response Scale

Answer 18

Rating scale using a statement through a corresponding numerical rating

Question 19

Semantic Differential

Answer 19

A numerical rating between two opposite adjictives

Question 20

Types of Questionnaire Surveys

Answer 20

• Self-administered q’s
• Online surveys
• Interview Surveys
• Telephone Surveys

Question 21

2 Sampling Techniques

Answer 21

• Probability
• Non Probability

Question 22

4 Principles for Q’s

Answer 22

• Clarity
• Simplicity
• Brevity
• Relevance

Question 23

Interview Surveys

Answer 23

• Interviewer needs training
• should dress appropriately
• behave with respect
• needs to be monitored
• learn about rules for probing
• need to be given explicit instructions about how to handle exceptions/contingencies

Question 24

What are hybrid techniques

Answer 24

• combining diff approaches
• panel surveys

Question 25

Probability Sampling

Answer 25

A statistical method where individuals in a population have a known, non-zero chance of being selected for a sample

Question 26

Non-Probability Sampling

Answer 26

A sampling method where the selection of participants is not based on randomness

Question 27

Matrix Questions

Answer 27

a type of closed-ended question that offers respondents a selection of multiple answers to choose from within a single question.

Question 28

Contingency Questions

Answer 28

survey questions that only appear to respondents who meet certain criteria based on their answers to previous questions - if yes, answer the following

Question 29

Double Barrelled Question

Answer 29

- Asking two things/separate actions ex: Did you file state/income tax this year?

Question 30

Pro/Con of Self-Administered Questionnaire Surveys

Answer 30

faster, cheaper, flexible v. privacy issues, minterpretation, limited clarification.

Question 31

Pro/Con of Interviews

Answer 31

Extra detail and opinions shared vs. more qualitative with less people

Question 32

Pro/Con of Telephone Survey

Answer 32

cost-effectiveness and speed vs. inability to observe non-verbal cues and the potential for technical issues

Question 33

Pro/Con Online Survey

Answer 33

convenience, flexibility, and expanded reach vs. technical issues and a lack of personal connection

Question 34

Strengths of Questionnaire Surveys

Answer 34

- inexpensive - Large amt of data quickly - easier to generalize findings - high on reliability

Question 35

Cons of Questionnaire Surveys

Answer 35

- Surface level responses - Artificial format - Easier to generalize - High on reliability

Question 36

Key problem for secondary analysis?

Answer 36

- Whether the data accurately measured the concepts the researcher is trying to study - someone else collected the data

Question 37

Probes

Answer 37

Follow-up questions or requests designed to elicit more detailed and richer information from participants

Question 38

Demographic Questions

Answer 38

Normally at the end of the questionnaire bc the personal nature of the q would otherwise make people leave early.