week 10: adolescence

Question 1

what falls under physical development?

Answer 1

puberty, pituitary gland

Question 2

what is puberty and pituitary gland?

Answer 2

puberty: collective term that encompasses all the changes, both seen and unseen, that are needed for reproductive maturity

pituitary gland: gland that triggers other glands to release hormones average around 12 - 14 yo

Question 3

true or false: The growth of the ovaries in girls and testes in boys is stimulated, which then secrete estrogen (girls) and testosterone (boys), causing the sex organs to develop

Answer 3

trueeee

Question 4

what are some major hormones that contribute physical growth?

Answer 4

thyroid gland: Normal brain development and overall rate of growth
Hormone - Thyroxine!

Adrenal Gland - Some changes at puberty, particularly the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls
Hormone - Adrenal androgen!

Ovaries (Girls) - Development of the menstrual cycle and breasts in girls; has less to do with other secondary sex characteristics than testosterone does for boys Hormone - Estrogen (estradiol)

Pituitary Gland – Rate of physical maturation; signals other glands to secrete hormones
Hormones - General growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and other activating hormones

Testes (boys) - Crucial in the formation of male genitals prenatally; also triggers the sequence of changes in primary and secondary
sex characteristics in the male Hormone - Testosterone

Question 5

does puberty consists of primary and secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 5

yes durrrr

Question 6

what is the timing of puberty?

Answer 6

12- and 13-year-olds will show a range of sexual maturation from stage 1 through 5
Discrepancies between an adolescent’s expectation and what actually happens determine the
psychological effect of puberty

Question 7

what is the sexual developments in girls?

Answer 7

Menarche: the beginning of menstrual cycles
- A girl’s body fat must reach a critical value of 17% before menarche can occur - The decline in the average age of menarche

Question 8

what is the sexual development in boys?

Answer 8

• The peak of the growth spurt typically comes fairly late in the sequence of physical development
• Boys likely begin to produce viable sperm some time between ages 12 and 14, usually before they have reached the peak of the growth spurt
• The development of facial hair and the lowering of the voice occur near the end of the sequence

Question 9

how does Piagets formal operational stage (12-16) play into the development of adolscences?

Answer 9

able to think more logically and hypothetically
Learn to think more logically and consider abstract reasoning
* Ex. Problem solving by trial and error, conclusions based on hypothesis

Information Processing
* Process information faster * Improved memory

School
* School transitions

Question 10

what is the adolescent psychomotor development

Answer 10

Work
In 2022 approximately 927,000 teens between 15-19 were employed in Canada

Relationships
Peers, Parent and romantic

Erickson’s Identity vs. role confusion
“Identity Crisis”
Must consider adult roles

Question 11

what are the Canadian 24h movement guidelines?

Answer 11

Recommendations for youth 12 to 17-years-old:
60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity
Less than 2 hours per day screen time
~8 to 10 hours per day of sleep
~10% don’t meet any of the recommendations, while only 5% meet all three

Question 12

true or false regarding Body Weight and Fitness:
The rate of overweight and obese adolescents has risen substantially since 1980s

Answer 12

truuuuu

Question 13

is it true: first nations - not much grandparents, great grandparents to guide them with stories, wisdom etc.

high amt in young age

Answer 13

true

Question 14

select all that is true regarding sleep:
Need about 8-10 hours of sleep every day
Sleep deprivation can lead to:
Struggling in school
Memory, concentration and motivation issues Increased accidents – sleepiness affects reaction times Feelings of depression

• Explains why adolescents often stay up late at night and then cannot wake up in time for school in the morning.

The adolescent brain has difficulty regulating the sleep-wake-cycle

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what are some recommendations for sleep within adolescents?

Answer 15

Exercise, avoid caffeine, LIMIT SCREEN TIME BEFORE BED

Question 16

how does sex education play with health promotion for adolescence?

Answer 16

More effective education programs include:
Information about STIs and pregnancy Motivation to use the information Behavioural skills training

Question 17

true or false:
Research suggests that sex education is not linked to teenagers becoming sexually active

Making condoms more readily available to teenagers does not increase their rate of sexual activity, but it does increase the use of condoms by teenagers who are already sexually active

Answer 17

all true

Question 18

true or false: Girls who are sexually active:
Experienced earlier menarche Have low interest in school Dated at an early age
Have a history of sexual abuse

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are some common factors that reduce likelihood of sexual activity?

Answer 19

Moral beliefs regarding premarital sex
Involvement in sports and other activities
Not using alcohol

Question 20

true or false: The greater the number of risk factors, the greater the likelihood that he or she will be sexually active

Answer 20

true

Question 21

has the birth rate for teens 15 to 19 years of age has declined by almost 50% since the 1960s

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

select all that is true about teen pregnancy:
Slightly more than half of all pregnancies by 15 to 19-year-olds are being terminated through abortion

Children born to teenage mothers tend to achieve developmental milestones more slowly than infants of older mothers

If sexual activity started at an early age

Teen pregnancy occurs more often:

In girls from poor, single-parent, and uneducated families
If the girl’s mother had an early pregnancy

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what is a major risk with sexual activity?

Answer 23

STI or sexually transmitted infections

Inability to be assertive with a partner may
lower condom use

Question 24

what is the most commonly reported infetionous disease in Canada?

Answer 24

Chlamydia
it continues to be the most
commonly reported infectious disease in Canada

Question 25

what is this describing? Can result in ectopic pregnancy, infertility, genital and urinary tract disorders

Answer 25

STI

Question 26

true or false; Since 2003 in Canada, the rates of new chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections have been on the upswing in youth aged 15 to 19

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what are some eating disorders?

Answer 27

Eating disorders are among the most significant mental health problems during adolescence Bulimia: an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging Anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

Question 28

what are some risk factors with eating disorders?

Answer 28

Most promising explanation is the discrepancy between the person’s internal image of a desirable body and her (or his) perception of her (or his) own body Emphasis on thinness as a characteristic of attractive women General tendency toward distorted thinking

Question 29

select all that is true about depression: In Canada, 25% of young women and 12% of young men aged 16 to 19 experienced at least one major depressive episode * Self-esteem drops in early adolescence and depression rises * Time spent on social media has been linked to depression and suicidal behaviour, especially for female iGen adolescents * Depression can hinder academic achievement because it interferes with cognitive functions

Answer 29

all true

Question 30

select all that is true about suicide: Suicide is the second leading cause of death for Canadian young people aged 15 to 19 * Completed suicide is about 3 times higher for adolescent boys than girls in Canada * Suicide attempts are estimated to be 3 times more common among girls than boys * Girls use methods that are less likely to succeed, such as self-poisoning * There is a disproportionately high rate of suicide among First Nations youth

Answer 30

all true

Question 31

what are some contributing factors of depression and suicide?

Answer 31

Depression Personality disorders Behaviour problems Family history of psychiatric disorder or suicide or a pattern of drug or alcohol abuse Some triggering stressful event An altered mental state Some triggering stressful event An altered mental state An opportunity = pills

Question 32

is there a difference between Recreational use versus medicinal use

Answer 32

yesss adolescents tend to use recreational

Question 33

does cannabis affect same biological system that is responsible for brain development

Answer 33

yesss

Question 34

true or false; Adolescents that use cannabis increase their chance of being dependent * Close to 1 in 6 people who use cannabis starting as a teenager develops cannabis use disorder - dependent

Answer 34

true

Question 35

what is THC, CBD and K2 and spice?

Answer 35

THC - (tetrahydrocannaboinol) - psychoactive compound in cannabis CBD (Cannabidiol) - A compound in cannabis that can reduce memory impairment, paranoia and people experience fewer psycotic symptoms K2 and Spice – Synthetics that copy the effects of THC but the contents are unknown, untested and can vary product by product

Question 36

what are the different routes of cannabis?

Answer 36

Smoked dried cannabis Vape CBD pen Consumable Topical

Question 37

who are at risk with cannabis?

Answer 37

* Pregnant or breastfeeding * Family history of psychosis or substance use disorder * Under 25 for brain development (especially under 16)

Question 38

what are the short term effects and long term effects?

Answer 38

short: Impair ability to safely drive/operate machinery Hard to remember and learn new things Impaired mental health Sleep long: Lung impacts Harm important aspects of thinking like learning and memory Increase anxiety and depression or worsens existing symptoms

Question 39

true or false: Frequent use of THC over long period of time can lead to problematic cannabis use

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what is the def for emerging adulthood?

Answer 40

a period of development spanning from about 18-29 years of age, experienced in westernized culture Big Three: Accept responsibility for yourself Make independent decisions Become financially independent 5 Characteristics common to those 18-29 Identify Exploration Instability Self-Focus Feeling "in-between" Possibilities/Optimism