week 12: Middle and late adulthood

Question 1

reproductive system what does climacteric mean?

Answer 1

the years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

Question 2

what is this describing ? : the years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

Answer 2

climacteric

Question 3

define if these characteristics are true : male climacteric

• Extremely gradual, with a slow loss of reproductive capacity
• Quality of viable sperm declines slightly
• Testes shrink gradually
• Volume of seminal fluid declines
• Incidence of erectile dysfunction
  increases
• Lifestyle changes and medication can
  sometimes restore sexual function

Answer 3

all true

Question 4

name some characteristics for female climacteric

Answer 4

• Menopause - The cessation of monthly
  menstrual cycles in middle-aged women
• Usually occurs when a woman is between
  her late 40s and early 50s​
• Estrogen and progesterone which are
  high with menstruation begin to decrease with menopause

Question 5

what is menopause

Answer 5

• Menopause - The cessation of monthly
  menstrual cycles in middle-aged women

Question 6

phases of menopause

Answer 6

premenopausal
perimenopausal
postmenopausal
menstrual hormone therapy

Question 7

when does premenopausal usually occur ?

Answer 7

late 30’s early 40’s

Question 8

name some characteristics for premenopausal

Answer 8

• Estrogen levels begin to fluctuate and decline
• Experience
  anovulatory cycles drop
  which causes progesterone to decline
  *period become irregular

Question 9

when does perimenopausal usually occur ?

Answer 9

40-55 years of age

Question 10

name some characteristics for perimenopausal

Answer 10

• Extreme variations in periods
• Hot flashes
• Sleep deprivation
• Mood swings
• extreme variations in periods
• transition phase
• can last up to 6 years

Question 11

When does postmenopausal usually occur

Answer 11

> 55 years

Question 12

name characteristics that undergoes postmenopausal

Answer 12

• No menstruation for 1 year
• Both estrogen and progesterone drop to consistently low levels
• Effect on tissues and genitals

Question 13

menstrual hormone therapy
select all that applies

Sx management not prevention
Consider family hx
Pros
* Reduces mood swings
* Decreases bone loss of osteoporosis
Cons
* Increases rates of cancers
* Higher risks of
heart attacks & stroke

Answer 13

all true

Question 14

health and promotion and wellness
true or false. No single variable affects the quality of life in middle and late adulthood as much as health

Answer 14

true

Question 15

health promotion and wellness:
true or false. A middle-aged person in good health often functions as well and has as much energy as much younger adults

Answer 15

true

Question 16

true or false. health and promotion and wellness
Mid-life is the era during which the poor health habits and risky behaviours of earlier years begin to catch up with us

Answer 16

true

Question 17

health and promotion and wellness:
during middle adulthood, there is an increase in :
of what ?

Answer 17

• During middle adulthood, there is an increase in:
• Frequency of annoying aches and pains
• The number who are unhappy with their bodies
• Chronic diseases and disabilities​
• Disease-related death

Question 18

Health and promotion and wellness : physical activity can promote longevity, as well as the reverse

true or false.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

how can you prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 19

preventing by doing activity ( mobility )

Question 20

what is the scope of role of caregiver in middle adulthood

Answer 20

grown children
middle adulthood ( sandwich generation )
aging parents

Question 21

what’s another meaning of sandwich generation

Answer 21

multigenerational caregivers

Question 22

what does multigenerational mean ?

Answer 22

middle aged adults who are caring both for elderly parents and young children at the same time

Question 23

what does sandwhich generation cause for caregiver?

Answer 23

burnout

Question 24

true or false. This can also occur in sandwich generation where it’s extra expenses, absent from work more often, and reduced quality of life

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Empty Nest what does this mean?

Answer 25

older child ( or child ) leaving their parents

Question 26

define if this is a true or false statement regarding empty nest Parents feelings about their children leaving home are shaped by ethnocultural values, relationship living arrangement, and financial circumstances, not about losing central role " mother" age when the last child is born and longevity together increase the likehood of experiencing the empty nest

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Does the role of a parent leave when the child leaves, and the content of the parental role is not different?

Answer 27

false, the role of parent does not cease when the child leaves, but the content of the parental role is quite different

Question 28

What is this describing : adjustment period, could be related to divorce. Leaves agains and move back in older child, living at home and not moving or progressing

Answer 28

failure to launch and the revolving door

Question 29

Adult children may remain at home longer ( failure to launch ) or return after living elsewhere independently ( revolving door) would be the definition of failure to launch and the revolving door.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

true or false. does this fall under the category of failure to launch and revolving door? studies show that conflicts between parents and resident adult children are common

Answer 30

true

Question 31

true or false. Financial difficulties associated with unemployment, extended post secondary schooling, delayed marriage, and a rise in the divorce rate probably explain an increase in young adults staying at home

Answer 31

true

Question 32

name the characteristics under friends during the middle adulthood

Answer 32

* The social network of middle-aged adults is relatively small * Relationships are just as intimate as they were at earlier ages​ * Associated with better psychological health and well-being​

Question 33

sexual activity and sexuality middle adulthood : define if it's true or false. The great majority of middle-aged adults does remain sexually active, although the desire to have and the frequency of sex declines

Answer 33

false, they do.

Question 34

what is the biopyschososcial view of middle adulthood:

Answer 34

chronic conditions and overall poorer health sexual expectations and mental disorders partner expectations

Question 35

what is the misconception when it comes to middle adulthood

Answer 35

increasing age- sexual desire diminsihes

Question 36

Sexual Activity and Sexuality: Late Adulthood

Answer 36

declines form middle adulthood to late adulthood for many reasons *Decreasing testosterone in men * The state of one’s overall health * Medication side effects * Stereotyping

Question 37

what is the biological changes with age in male and female ?( late adulthood)

Answer 37

Biological changes with Age * SexualDysfunction–Male–Erectile Dysfunction * SexualDysfunction–Female ( women dryness ) --> painful intercourse

Question 38

The role of the nurse - sexuality

Answer 38

assessment * Assist and support the older adult' sexual needs * Complete a sexual history, sexual issues * Discussion around sexuality and sexual dysfunction may be uncomfortable but it is still important to engage in interventions and education

Question 39

what is the PLISSIT model ( role of the nurse- sexuality - middle adulthood)

Answer 39

* P – Permission * LI – Limited Information * SS – Specific Suggestions * *IT – Intensive Therapy

Question 40

chronic diseases in middle and older adults are what ?

Answer 40

cancer and cardiovascular disease

Question 41

true or false cancer shares many risk factors with cardiovascular disease

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Chronic Diseases in Middle and Older Adults: cancer: most risk factors can be controlled, at least partially

Answer 42

true

Question 43

dietary fat may be a risk factor for cancer but scientists continue to debate this

Answer 43

true

Question 44

several cancers are caused by infectious agents such as ?

Answer 44

HPV Epstein Barrvirus , hep b , c and helicobacter pylori bacteria are linked with cancers

Question 45

cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease : atherosclerosis

Answer 45

narrowing of the arteries caused by deposits of a fatty substance called plaque

Question 46

define if these characteristics alined with cardiovascular disease : * Modifiable and non-modifiable risks * A large percentage of Canadians have CVD risk factors * One-third of Canadians > 20 years old have three or more risk factors for CVD * Can reduce life expectancy * These risks are cumulative: more characteristics = higher risk for CVD * Hypertension is one of the strongest

Answer 46

true

Question 47

cannabis middle and late adulthood what is the scope?

Answer 47

high risk adolescence and early adulthood lowest risk middle adulthood high risk late adulthood

Question 48

cannabis lowest risk usage define if its true: * Lack of time * Work responsibilities * Kids and their associated activities * Busiest time in life with kids, work, caregiving and activities * Of age and have the finances to purchase * Education on storing cannabis

Answer 48

all true

Question 49

highest risk late adulthood for cannabis usage * Daily use or near daily use in this population (Williams et al., 2020) * Older adults has shown the greatest increase in rates of cannabis use (Williams et al., 2021) * Retirement – may not working * May have financial stability, excess of funds * Physical changes * Access and equity - dignity * Polypharmacy/comorbidities * Stigma * Considerations * Harm Reduction * Education on traveling with cannabis * Storing cannabis

Answer 49

all true

Question 50

Relationships/Partnerships middle adulthood marital stability and satisfaction increase in mid-life

Answer 50

true

Question 51

what does skilled diplomacy mean in middle adulthood

Answer 51

a problem solving approach that involves the confrontation of the spouse about an issue, followed by a period during which the confronting spouse works to restore harmony

Question 52

true or false. Skilled diplomacy appears to be an effective skill for marital problem solving no matter which spouse uses it in middle adulthood

Answer 52

true

Question 53

relationships/partnerships late adulthood marital satisfaction is higher in the late years

Answer 53

true

Question 54

Define if these characteristics are true amongst late adulthood * Higher levels of pleasure and lower levels of conflict are reported * Rates of remarriage are higher for older men, widowed or divorced, than for women * Married older adults have higher life satisfaction, better health, and lower rates of depression

Answer 54

all true

Question 55

Grandparenting/Family Relationships middle adulthood true or false * Almost half of Canadian adults become grandparents by the end of middle adulthood (age 65) * Grandparents seem to be an especially important source of stability in the lives of children of divorced parents

Answer 55

true

Question 56

what are the different grand parenting styles?

Answer 56

* Companionate * Remote * Involved

Question 57

define if this is true or false. in grand parenting/family relationships during late adulthood * Contacts with Adult Children Interactions are social as well as functional * Effects of Relationships with Adult Children Good relationships and regular contact with adult children can add to an elderly adult’s quality of life, but are not necessary for it Relationships with children involve roles and expectations that may add stress to a senior’s life * Grandchildren and Siblings Interactions between grandchildren and grandparents are beneficial to both

Answer 57

all true

Question 58

life expectancy and longevity: subgroups define it

Answer 58

young old ( 60-75) old-old ( 75-85) oldest-old ( 85 and up) (fastest growing group)

Question 59

true or false. Life expectancy and longevity : the gender gap for life expectancy has been narrowing, with women expected to live only 4 years longer now in adulthood the odds of dying increase exponentially each year

Answer 59

all true