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Week 10: chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common disease that can be attributed to modifiable environmental factors?
-HIV
-diarrhea
-upper respiratory infections
-myocardial infarction

A

diarrhea

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2
Q

What percentage of deaths can be attributed to environmental causes?
-46%
-23%
-38%
-12%

A

23%

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3
Q

Which canadian document was the first to link the environment to health?
-Ottawa Charter
-the report of the walkerton inquiry
- a new perspective on the health of Canadians
-Building on values: the future of health care in Canada

A

a new perspective on the health of Canadians

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4
Q

using the DPSEEA framework, what is a driving force that can influence the state of the environment?
- poverty
-water quality and supply
-air pollution
-public policy

A

poverty

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5
Q

At what level in the DPSEEA Framework are community health nurses involved?
a. Exposure and effects
b. State of the environment
c. Pressures
d. Driving forces

A

a. exposure and effects

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6
Q

Environmental hazards that impact health can exist in the home, workplace, and neighbourhood. What is an example of a hazard in the neighbourhood that can impact health?
a. Working in a car assembly plant
b. Winter driving
c. Use of Lysol spray in the bathroom
d. Substandard housing

A

b. winter driving

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7
Q

What is an example of pressure in the DPSEEA framework?
a. Poverty
b. Overcrowding
c. Air pollution
d. Greenhouse gases

A

d. greenhouse gases

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8
Q

Mr. Chagnon works in a coal mine. What type of environmental factor will most likely influence his health?
a. Ergonomic
b. Chemical
c. Biological
d. Physical

A

b. chemical

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9
Q

Mr. Salle works in a plant producing solvent. How might he be exposed to environmental hazards?
a. Absorption
b. Penetration
c. Ingestion
d. Inhalation

A

a. absorption

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10
Q

What is an example of the first line of defence to control exposure to environmental hazards?
a. Changing jobs
b. Respirators
c. Limiting repetitive motion
d. Ventilation systems

A

d. ventilation systems

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11
Q

What is used to show the relationship between the amount of exposure to an agent and the elicited response in the population?
a. Susceptibility
b. Dose-related histogram
c. DPSEEA framework
d. Epidemiology

A

b. dose-related histogram

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12
Q

What is the purpose of an environmental health assessment?
a. Determine the level of exposure
b. Determine a possible link between an environmental exposure and health
c. Discover the relationship between the dose of the environmental agent and the
response
d. Identify toxins in the environment

A

b. determine a possible link between an environmental exposure and health

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13
Q

The federal government reports on what environmental indicator?
a. Ultraviolet (UV) index
b. Population density
c. Ozone levels
d. Fluoride levels in water

A

c. ozone levels

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14
Q

A tire dump is burning upwind from a small community. An environmental risk assessment is done. What information will this provide?
a. Who in the community is at greatest risk
b. The financial cost of the exposure
c. Current information for the community
d. The level of exposure that will impact health

A

d. the level of exposure that will impact health

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15
Q

What is an example of federal environmental legislation?
a. Food and Drug Act
b. Environmental Protection Act
c. Occupational Health and Safety Act
d. Clean Air Act

A

a. food and drug act

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16
Q

where would an occupational health nurse work?
a. Hockey arena
b. Community centre
c. Sawmill
d. Elementary school

A

c. sawmill

17
Q

What organization has a national voice influencing health and safety regulations across Canada?
a. Worksafe
b. Labour Ministry
c. Canadian Nurses Association
d. Occupational Health Nursing Association

A

d. occupational health nursing association

18
Q

A nurse who is assessing hazard control would consider which to be an administrative control?
a. Wearing gloves when working with biological hazards
b. Rotating workers for two-hour periods through a high heat area
c. Replacing the dangerous cleaning solution with a safe product
d. Enclosing workers in a noise-free control room

A

b. Rotating workers for two-hour periods through a high heat area

19
Q

What is an occupational health nurse?
a. A nurse with an occupational health nursing certificate through the
Canadian Nurses Association
b. A nurse certified through the American Association of Occupational Health
Nurses
c. A nurse with additional training in health and safety
d. A nurse registered with the Canadian Occupational Nurses Association

A

c. a nurse with additional training in health and safety

20
Q

Mr. Chevez and Mr. Ferris work in a fertilizer plant. What type of environmental factor may have an influence on their health?
a. Occupational
b. Physical
c. Inhalation
d. Chemical

A

d. chemical

21
Q

Mr. Chevez and Mr. Ferris work in a fertilizer plant. Despite similar exposure, Mr. Chevez develops a respiratory condition. What would account for Mr. Ferris remaining healthy?
a. Mr. Ferris is resistant
b. Mr. Chevez had a pre-existing health condition
c. Mr. Ferris had less exposure
d. Mr. Chevez is hypo-susceptible

A

a. mr. ferris is resistant

22
Q

Mr. Chevez and Mr. Ferris work in a fertilizer plant. What type of nurse would work with the employees of the fertilizer plant?
a. Public health nurse
b. Occupational health nurse
c. Hazard control nurse
d. Community health nurse

A

b. occupational health nurse

23
Q

Mr. Chevez and Mr. Ferris work in a fertilizer plant. The nurse institutes hazard controls at the plant. What would be the first line of defence?
a. Developing a policy to limit exposure
b. Changing jobs within the plant
c. Improving ventilation
d. Using personal respirators

A

c. improving ventilation

24
Q

What term is best used to describe conditions that occur from exposures that are unique to the workplace and unlikely to occur in concentrated form in daily life?
a. Occupational diseases
b. Environmental health
c. Environmental factors
d. Workplace exposures

A

a. occupational diseases

25
Q

Jane is completing an environmental health assessment. She is collecting information
about Mrs. Jones’s social activities. What type of information is Jane collecting?
a. Residential information
b. Occupational information
c. Environmental information
d. Recreation information

A

d. recreation information

26
Q

Describe components of the DPSEEA framework. Give an example of each component using an earthquake in a third-world country.

A

Driving forces (D): Driving forces are factors that create pressures, which can influence the state of the environment, e.g., poverty, population density.
Pressures (P): The environment can be altered by pressures, e.g., food shortages, disposal of wastes, decomposing bodies and animals.
State of the environment (S): The state of the environment can be altered in response to pressures (i.e., resource availability, air pollution), e.g., water pollution, contaminated food. Exposure and Effects (EE): Exposures occur through inhalation, ingestion, and absorption of hazards. These exposures will result in an effect on health in individuals,
e.g., drinking contaminated water (diarrhea, cholera), food shortages (violence, hunger). Actions (A): Actions are undertaken to affect the environmental factor, including policy changes, pollution monitoring, environmental improvements, and education/awareness programs, e.g., safety re: water treatment, hygiene; policy re: food and water distribution.

27
Q

A nurse needs to do a personal exposure history on a 35-year-old woman who has severe diarrhea. What are the components of the personal exposure history? Describe what the nurse would assess under each component.

A

-Occupational Information (present and past jobs, work exposures, protective measures, duration of the exposure)
-Residential Information (water sources, history of floods, indoor air quality) Recreational Information (social exposures, community exposures)

28
Q

Describe three types of health and safety hazards that a nurse could expect to encounter in her practice. Give two examples of specific hazards related to each type.

A
  • physical, e.g., noise, vibration, radiation, heat/cold
  • biological, e.g., bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, humans
  • psychosocial, e.g., workload, harassment, arrangements, shiftwork, conflict
29
Q

List and define the four common routes of entry for individual environmental factors.

A
  • Inhalation: inhaling agents directly into the respiratory tract and lungs
  • Absorption: refers to entrance through the skin, regardless of whether the skin is
    intact or damaged. Some substances may be absorbed by way of openings or through hair follicles, while others may dissolve in fats and oils of the skin. Some compounds can produce systemic poisoning through direct contact with the skin
  • Injection: can involve accidental or intentional injection of agents from either a high- velocity source or a point source
  • Ingestion: includes knowingly or unknowingly eating or drinking a harmful agent and subsequently having a toxic compound absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream

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