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Anatomy I > Week 10 Content > Flashcards

Week 10 Content Flashcards

1
Q

How are the superior and inferior facets situated in the lower cervical spine?

A

Superior facets face superiorly and posteriorly
Inferior facets face inferiorly and anteriorly

ZPJ oriented ~45 degrees to the horizontal

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2
Q

What are other names for the uncovertebral joints?

A

Joints of Luschka

Lateral Interbody Joints

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3
Q

Where are the uncinate processes located and what do the uncovertebral joints limit?

A

Uncinate processes grow upwards from the superior aspect of each vertebral margin towards the vertebral body above, growing from the loose vascular fibrous tissue lateral to the annulus

the UV joint limits each joint cleft laterally

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4
Q

Describe characteristics of the UV joint.

A

No synovial fluid but do have interstitial fluid around the joint and surrounding surfaces

Do not add much stability to the C spine, act kind of like a meniscus

Most important aspect - effect on the development of the cervical IVD: as uncus starts to grow the disc begins to split and fissure

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5
Q

Describe horizontal fissuring of the annulus.

A
  • Begins towards the end of the first decade of life
  • Is universal in adult cervical discs
  • Often almost completely divides posterior 2/3 of disc in later life
  • may be an adaptation, since it occurs in everyone and is not painful
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6
Q

Do prolapses, extrusions, or sequestrations occur in the C spine?

A

NO because of the presence of UV joints and the development of bivalve discs

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7
Q

Describe the pain referral patterns from C2, C5, C6, and C7.

A

C2 disc (disc between C2-3) only disc that refers pain superiorly into the head – common source of headaches

C5-C7 - lower motion segments, pain referred onto the UE and usually proximal to elbow

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8
Q

Name the contents of the deep layer of the anterior cervical spine.

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Longus coli
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

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9
Q

Describe OINA for longus coli.

A

3 parts - superior oblique, vertical intermediate, inferior oblique

sup oblique - C3-C5 TV processes to C1 anterior tubercle, innervated by anterior rami C2-C4

vert intermediate - anterior C5-T3 bodies to anterior C2-C4 bodies, innervated by anterior rami C2-C6

inf oblique - C5-C6 TV processes to anterior T1-T3 bodies, innervated by anterior rami C5-C6

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10
Q

describe OINA for rectus capitis anterior

A

O: anterior surface of C1
I: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone
N: anterior rami of C1 and C2

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11
Q

Describe OINA for rectus capitis lateralis.

A

O: superior surface of C1 TV process
I: inferior surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone
N: ventral rami of C1-C2

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12
Q

Name the muscles in the intermediate layer of the anterior cervical spine.

A

Scalenus posterior
Scalenus medius
Scalenus anterior
Longus capitis

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13
Q

describe OINA for scalenus posterior

A

O: posterior tubercles of C4-C6 TV processes
I: outer surface of 2nd rib behind the tubercle and attachment of serratus anterior
N: ventral rami C5-C7

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14
Q

describe OINA for scalenus medius

A

O: TV processes of C1-C7
I: upper surface of 1st rib
N: ventral rami C3-C7

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15
Q

describe OINA for scalenus anterior

A

O: TV processes C3-C6
IL to scalene tubercle of the 1st rub
N: ventral rami C4-C6

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16
Q

describe OINA for longus capitis

A

O: TV processes C3-C6
I: basilar part of occipital bone
N: ventral rami C1-C3

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17
Q

Name the muscles in the hyoid layer of the anterior cervical spine.

A

Hyoid muscles steady of move the hyoid and larynx.

Suprahyoid muscles (mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and digastric)

Infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid and omohyoid in the superficial plane, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid in the deep plane)

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18
Q

Describe the suprahyoid muscles.

A

superior to the hyoid and connect it to the cranium

constitute the floor of the mouth

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric (anterior and posterior belly)

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19
Q

what is the importance of the omohyoid muscle?

A

in the superficial plane of the infrahyoid muscles

it has 2 bellies that are united by an intermediate tendon which is connected to the clavicle by a fascial sling

important because it divides the anterior and posterior triangles into smaller triangles

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20
Q

describe the infrahyoid muscles

A

often called strap muscles because of their ribbon-like appearance

inferior to the hyoid and anchor it to the sternum, clavicle, and scapula

work with suprahyoid muscles to steady the hyoid and provide a firm base for the tongue

arranged in 2 planes - superficial and deep

  1. superficial plane - sternothyroid and omohyoid
  2. deep plane - sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
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21
Q

name the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior cervical spine

A

SCM

Platysma

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22
Q

describe OINA for SCM.

A

O: rounded tendon of sternal head originates from manubrium; thick fleshy clavicular head originates from the medial third of the clavicle
I: mastoid process of the temporal bone and the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
N: spinal accessory n. (CN XI)

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23
Q

describe OINA for platysma

A

broad, thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck

O: deep fascia covering superior deltoid and pec major
I: superomedial fiber orientation to the clavicle and inferior border of the mandible
N: cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII)

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24
Q

describe OINA for digastric.

A

a suprahyoid muscle

superior attachment: digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid notch of temporal bone (posterior belly)

inferior attachment: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone

N: mylohyoid n. (anterior belly) and facial n. CN VII (posterior belly)

A; depresses mandible and raises hyoid bone

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25
Q

describe OINA for stylohyoid.

A

a suprahyloid muscle

superior attachment: styloid process of temporal bone

inferior attachment: body of the hyoid bone

N: cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII)

A: elevates and retracts hyoid bone, elongating the floor of the mouth

26
Q

describe OINA for mylohyoid.

A

a suprahyoid muscle; thin, flat triangular muscles forming the floor of the mouth

superior attachment: mylohyloid line of the mandible

inferior attachment: median raphe and body of the hyoid bone

N: mylohyoid n. (branch of the inferior alveolar n.)

A; elevates hyoid bone, floor of the mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

27
Q

describe OINA for geniohyoid.

A

short narrow muscles, located superior to mylohyoid muscles, reinforce floor of mouth (a suprahyoid muscle)

sup attachment: inferior mental spine of the mandible

inf attachment: body of the hyoid bone

N: C1 via the hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

A: pulls the hyoid bone antero-superiorly and shortens the floor of the mouth and widens the pharynx

28
Q

what are the 3 functions of the clavicle?

A
  1. act as a strut to allow free motion of the upper limp
  2. provide muscle attachment sites
  3. transmit force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
29
Q

describe OINA for the deltoid.

A

O: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

N: axillary n.

A: anterior - flexion, IR; middle - abduction; posterior - extension, ER

30
Q

what runs posterior to the deltoid?

A

posterior humeral circumflex a.

axillary n.

31
Q

describe OINA for teres major

A

O: dorsal surface of the inferior angle of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus

N: lower subscapular n.

A: adduction, IR, extension

32
Q

describe OINA for supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinatus fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)

N: suprascapular n.

A: abduction, glenohumeral support

33
Q

describe OINA for infraspinatus

A

O – Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

I – Greater tubercle of the humerus, middle facet

N - Suprascapular n.

A - Lateral rotator

34
Q

describe OINA for teres minor

A

O – Superior part of the lateral border of the scapula

I – Greater tubercle of the humerus, inferior facet

N – Axillary n.

A – lateral rotator

35
Q

describe OINA for subscapularis.

A

O – Subscapular fossa

I – Lesser tubercle of the humerus

N – Upper and lower subscapular n.

A – Medially rotates and adducts

36
Q

describe the boundaries and contents of the quadrangular space.

A

Boundaries:

  • superior: teres minor
  • medial: long head of triceps
  • lateral: humerus
  • inferior: teres major

contents: axillary n. and posterior humeral circumflex a.

37
Q

describe the boundaries and contents of the triangular space.

A

boundaries:

  • teres major
  • teres minor
  • long head of triceps

contents: circumflex scapular a.

38
Q

describe the boundaries and contents of the triangular interval.

A

boundaries:

  • teres major
  • long head of triceps
  • lateral head of triceps

contents: radial n. and profunda brachii a.

39
Q

what passes through the spinoglenoid notch?

A

suprascapular n. and a.

40
Q

what does the axillary artery branch into?

A

suprascapular a. superiorly,

subscapular a. and circumflex scapular a. inferiorly

41
Q

describe the location of the suprascapular n. and a.

A

both join together at or near the scapular notch

suprascapular n. enters the scapular region by passing through the scapular notch bound down by the suprascapular ligament

suprascapular a. enters the posterior scapular region by passing superficial to the suprascapular ligament

42
Q

describe the function of the suprascapular n. and a.

A

suprascapular n. innervates the supraspinatus and then travels through the spiniglenoid notch to reach the infraspinatus

suprascapular a. supplies the supraspinous fossa, travels through the spinoglenoid notch and supplies the infraspinous fossa and anastomoses with the circumflex scapular a. and dorsal scapular a.

43
Q

describe OINA for pec major

A

O: clavicular head from medial aspect of clavicle; sternocostal head from sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of EO

I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

N: lateral (C5-C7) and medial (C8, T1) pectoral nerves

A: adduction, IR; some flexion from clavicular head; some extension from flexed from sternocostal head

44
Q

describe OINA for pec minor

A

O: ribs 3-5 (sometimes 2-6) near costal cartilages, deep to pec major

I: coracoid process of scapula

N: medial pectoral n. (C8, T1)

A: stabilizes scapula against thoracic wall

45
Q

describe OINA for subclavius

A

O: rib 1 and costal cartilage

I: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

N: nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

A: anchors and depresses the clavicle

46
Q

describe OINA for serratus anterior.

A

O: external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

I: anterior surface of the medial border of scapula

N: long thoracic n. (C5-C7)

A: protracts and upwardly rotates scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall, stops winging of scapula

47
Q

descibe the axilla

A

commonly referred to as the armpit

a pyramid shaped area between the arm and lateral chest wall

provides passageway for the large nerves and vessels of the arm

48
Q

what are the boudaries of the axilla?

A

Apex - open to all passage of vessels; made up of clavicle, superior border of the scapula, and 1st rib

anterior wall - pec major and minor

posterior wall - subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

medial wall - serratus anterior

lateral wall - humerus, coracobrachialis, long head of triceps

base - axillary fascia

49
Q

what are the contents of the axilla?

A

axillary vessels and their branches

parts of the brachial plexus and their branches

50
Q

what is the space between the anterior and middle scalenes and what else passes through it?

A

Interscalene space

subclavian a. and trunks of the brachial plexus pass through here

51
Q

name the 2 bellies of the omohyoid muscles.

A

superior belly - attaches to the lower border of the body of the body of the hyoid bone

inferior belly - attaches to the upper border of the scapula near the scapular notch

52
Q

what is the line formed by the junction of the right and left mylohyoid muscles called?

A

median raphe AKA mylohyoid raphe

where the medial fibers of the 2 mylohyoid muscles unite

53
Q

describe the boundaries of the carotid triangle

A

SCM
superior belly of omohyoid
posterior belly of digastric

54
Q

describe the boundaries of the muscular omotracheal triangle

A

SCM
sternohyoid
superior belly of omohyoid

55
Q

name the artery that travels with the long thoracic n. as it leaves the axilla to innervate the serratus anterior.

A

lateral thoracic artery

56
Q

what structure occupies the intertubercular sulcus?

A

the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

57
Q

how is the scapula attached to the thorax?

A

no boney attachment – imbedded in multiple muscles that allow it to glide on the posterior thorax

58
Q

why are the muscular attachments of the scapula so important?

A

they allow for greater ROM of the shoulder

59
Q

what is the action of the triceps brachii at the shoulder>?

A

extension and adduction

60
Q

what structure passes through the triangular space formed by triceps and teres?

A

circumflex scapular a. and v.

Anatomy I (14 decks)

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