WEEK 10 LECTURE + TUTORIAL

Question 1

What is language

Answer 1

-written, symbolic or gestural forms of communication

Question 2

Aphasia definition

Answer 2

Difficulty producing or comprehending speech, not by deafness or motor deficit

• Human communication disorder, loss or impairment of language comprehension or production

Question 3

Lateralisation of speech

Answer 3

Left is dominant for speech in 90% of the population
Right side is dominant in 27% of left-handed people and 15% ambidextrous but only 4% right handed people

Question 4

Wernicke’s and Broca’s area

Answer 4

Wernicke = Speech comprehension
Broca = Language production

Question 5

Bilingualism

Answer 5

-Majority of people in the world are bilingual or multilingual
-Different languages are processed by different areas of the brain

Question 6

Phonagnosia

Answer 6

• A type of agnosia, or loss of knowledge, that involves a disturbance in the recognition of familiar voices and the impairment of voice discrimination abilities

Question 7

Forms of Aphasia

Answer 7

1. Broca’s Aphasia
2. Conduction Aphasia
3. Wernicke’s Aphasia
4. Anomic Aphasia

Question 8

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 8

Damage to the inferior left frontal lobe and underlying subcortical white matter
Comprehension of speech is intact
Speech is slow, non fluent, costs effort
Loss of the production of complete sentence structures in speech and writing:
“content” words are still used (e.g., nouns, verbs)
“function” words are more difficult (e.g., a, the, in)

Question 9

3 speech deficits in Broca’s

Answer 9

1. Agrammatism: difficulty in use of grammatical constructions (e.g.,-ed, have) but also word order to decode sentence
2. Anomia Word-finding difficulties (function words)
3. Articulation problems Mispronunciations, often alter the sequence of sounds

Question 10

Intact in Brocas

Answer 10

1. Phases such as yes or no
2. Curse words
   3, Non-language emotional expression

Question 11

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 11

Characterised by meaningful fluent speech and comprehension, but poor repetition
Extreme difficulties repeating lists of words (although related words may be repeated)
May replace word they are asked to repeat with another with the same meaning
Caused by damage to pathway between Broca and Wernicke area responsible for conveying sound – arcuate fasciculus
Instead, use second pathway which conveys meaning

Question 12

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 12

• Partial or total loss of the ability to understand what is being said or read
  -Maintains the ability to speak, but speech may contain unnecessary or made up words

-Poor spoken language comprehension
-Lack ability to interpret meanings of words
-Inability to convert thoughts to words
-Production of meaningless speech
-Lack of self awareness