Week 10: Pergamon and Hellenistic Libraries

Question 1

What are our only sources on the Paeonian Kingdom?

Answer 1

Coins

Question 2

Under which philhellenic ruler do the Thracians declare their independence under?

Answer 2

King Seuthes III

Question 3

What Greek style city does King Sethes III found?

Answer 3

Seuthopolis

Question 4

Odrysian material culture is similar to that of the __________

Answer 4

Macedonians

Question 5

True or False: The Odrysians also imported Greek artists to produce metalwork.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What was the single most powerful and important of the minor kingdoms?

Answer 6

Pergamon

Question 7

Define: Gazophylax

Answer 7

“Treasure Guardian” in Pergamon

Question 8

Who is the first ruler to take the title of king in Pergamon?

Answer 8

• Attalos I

Question 9

What Pergamene ruler manages to secede from the Seleukid Empire?

Answer 9

Attalos I

Question 10

Who is the first Pergamene king to ally with Rome?

Answer 10

Attalos I

Question 11

Which Pergamene king, and patron of Athens, built the Stoa of Attalos in Athens?

Answer 11

Attalos I

Question 12

The high point of Pergamon was under these two kingships:

Answer 12

Attalos I and his son Eumenes II

Question 13

Which Pergamene king got a sanctioned approval from a grateful Delphi to host the Athena Games in Pergamon?

Answer 13

Eumenes II

Question 14

What did the Romans do when they saw Eumenes IIs power rise?

Answer 14

• They paid the Gauls in Gallatia to cause trouble on Pergamon’s eastern frontier

Question 15

Which Pergamene king was considered to be a slave to the Roman Senate?

Answer 15

Attalos II

Question 16

Which heirless king of Pergamon willed the kingdom to Rome upon his death in 133 BC?

Answer 16

Attalos III

Question 17

What gave Rome a good chunk of Asia-Minor without any war?

Answer 17

Attalos IIIs willing of his kingdom of Pergamon to Rome upon his death in 133 BC

Question 18

What is the most famous temple of Pergamon that was later deemed as the “throne of Satan” by St. Paul?

Answer 18

Altar of Zeus

Question 19

What was the steepest theater in the Greek world?

Answer 19

Theatre at Pergamon

Question 20

What was the leading cult in Pergamon?

Answer 20

The Cult of Serapis

Question 21

Which pretender tried to challenge Roman inheritance of Pergamon after the death of Attalos III, claiming to be his brother?

Answer 21

Eumenes III of Pergamon

Question 22

By the Hellenistic era, this city, once inhabited by Homer, had become a prosperous port-town:

Answer 22

Smyrna

Question 23

In which kingdom did the rulers claim descent from Cyrus, Darius, and Alexander?

Answer 23

Pontos

Question 24

What prevented the Seleukids from ruling over Pontos?

Answer 24

• The rough terrain

Question 25

Define: Damnatio Memoriae

Answer 25

Gouging the eyes out of portraits on coins to ward away spirits

Question 26

Which minor kingdom was famous for whole villages carved into cliffsides ?

Answer 26

Cappadocian Kingdom

Question 27

Which Cappadocian ruler foolishly allied himself with Antiochus III against Rome?

Answer 27

Ariarathes IV

Question 28

What was the famous Cappadocian usurper?

Answer 28

Orophernes

Question 29

Which Cappadocian king was referred to as the "Roman Lover"?

Answer 29

Ariobarzanes I

Question 30

Who founds the Bithynian Dynasty?

Answer 30

Zipoetes of Bithynia

Question 31

Which Bithynian King settles the Gauls in Galatia in Asia Minor?

Answer 31

Nikomedes I of Bithynia

Question 32

Which Bithynian King allied with Hannibal and Philip V?

Answer 32

Prusias

Question 33

Who was the last king of Bithynia?

Answer 33

Nikomedes IV of Bithynia

Question 34

Which Bithynian king did Caesar give sexual favors to in order to convince him to side with Rome?

Answer 34

Nikomedes IV of Bithynia

Question 35

Because of his selling of sexual favors to Nikomedes IV, what was Caesar labelled as?

Answer 35

The “Queen of Bithynia”

Question 36

Where are the Gauls relocated in Asia Minor?

Answer 36

Galatia

Question 37

True or False: The Gauls in Galatia were all useful allies of Rome against Mithridates VI of Pontos.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Who was the first king of Galatia

Answer 38

Amyntas I Galatia

Question 39

Which kingdom did the Orontid Dynasty rule over?

Answer 39

Armenia

Question 40

Which minor Hellenistic kingdom was located in northern Iraq, and northwest Turkey?

Answer 40

The Kingdom of Kommagene

Question 41

What was the most famous sight of the Kingdom of Kommagene?

Answer 41

Tomb of Antiochos I Theos

Question 42

Define: Nemrud Dag

Answer 42

The mound on which the famous tomb of Antiochos I Theos is placed in Kommagene

Question 43

Who was the first person in the western world to make a library?

Answer 43

Aristotle (Lyceum)

Question 44

Where initially did Aristotle get a large portion of the scrolls to start shelving the Lyceum?

Answer 44

From his father

Question 45

How many treatises on botany, biology, ethics, history, etc. did Aristotle write?

Answer 45

Over 100

Question 46

How do we know what is in Aristotle's Lyceum despite many of the scrolls being destroyed?

Answer 46

He footnoted everything

Question 47

True or False: Students helped Aristotle compile the library by writing down his lectures.

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

_______ sent biological and zoological samples back from the east for Aristotle and his students to study.

Answer 48

Alexander

Question 49

Who continues the Lyceum after Aristotle?

Answer 49

Theophrastus

Question 50

In the mid-200s BC, which director of the Lyceum took the collection back home with him to his retirement home in Mysia?

Answer 50

Neleus

Question 51

What is done with the scrolls in the Lyceum when Sulla sacks Athens in 86 BC?

Answer 51

- They are shipped back to Rome - Romans copy and re-copy all of these scrolls for school use in the Roman World

Question 52

Which library first stated that one could not remove scrolls from the library?

Answer 52

Library of Pantainos, Athens

Question 53

Whose idea was it to create the Library of Alexandria?

Answer 53

Ptolemy II

Question 54

What royal capitals famously had large libraries?

Answer 54

Alexandria, Pergamon, Pella, Antioch

Question 55

Which director of the Library of Alexandria was known as the Homericist?

Answer 55

Aristophanes of Byzantium

Question 56

Which director of the Library of Alexandria was famous for introducing accents to the Greek alphabet?

Answer 56

Zenodotos of Ephesos

Question 57

In one theory as to when the library of Alexandria was fully destroyed, why did the Arabs burn the scrolls?

Answer 57

because they were opposed to the Quran

Question 58

Which famous library focused on Homeric studies?

Answer 58

Library of Pergamon

Question 59

Who founded the Library of Pergamon?

Answer 59

Eumenes II

Question 60

Instead of Papyrus, the library at Pergamon used ____________

Answer 60

Parchment

Question 61

What is the only library to survive from antiquity?

Answer 61

The Library of Herculaneum’s Villa dei Papyri

Question 62

The Library of Herculaneum’s Villa dei Papyri contains mainly scrolls on ______________

Answer 62

Epicurean philosophy

Question 63

Who was the earliest travel writer?

Answer 63

Hanno of Carthage

Question 64

Which ancient travel writer took 60 ships and sailed from Gibraltar down the coast of Africa down to the equator?

Answer 64

Hanno of Carthage

Question 65

Who wrote the travel chronicle called "Indica"?

Answer 65

Nearchos (Alexander's Admiral) - Indica is his account of the voyage to India with Alexander

Question 66

What is depicted on the Palestrina Mosaic 100 BC?

Answer 66

- Map of the Nile River

Question 67

Who was the most famous ancient geographer?

Answer 67

Strabo

Question 68

What is described in the very middle of Strabo's book? Why is this the case?

Answer 68

- Delphi - Because it was seen as the centre of the world

Question 69

True or False: Strabo never walked around Greece, instead, he only looked from afar on a ship.

Answer 69

TRUE

Question 70

Define: periplous

Answer 70

"Coast Hugging" --> Travel logging from afar on a ship not stepping foot on land

Question 71

Who walked around Greece measuring the stades between each town?

Answer 71

Herakleides Kritikos

Question 72

Which ancient travel writer is more accurate, and more interested in history art, and mythological figures linked to places?

Answer 72

Pausanias

Question 73

Who was the better geographer: Strabo, or Pausanias?

Answer 73

Pausanias

Question 74

___________, who has actually been there and lived there, describes minute details and meticulous facts about every single community including endless info, local legends, etc.

Answer 74

Pausanias

Question 75

Who is Polybios's father?

Answer 75

Lyortas, strategos of the Achaean League

Question 76

Which ancient writer was taken hostage to Rome after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC?

Answer 76

Polybios

Question 77

Which influential and affluent Roman was Polybios generously housed under during his time of "hostage" in Rome?

Answer 77

Scipio Amaelieanus

Question 78

How did Polybios die?

Answer 78

Falling off a horse in Megalopolis at age 82

Question 79

What was the capital of the Achaean League?

Answer 79

Megalopolis

Question 80

Where was the biggest theater in Greece?

Answer 80

Megalopolis

Question 81

What is Polybios's main aim in writing his histories?

Answer 81

To explain to Greek leaders how Rome managed to acquire an empire so quickly

Question 82

According to Polybios, what allowed for Rome's success?

Answer 82

- He attributed Rome’s success to her institutions and analyzed that they are successful for their mixed constitution

Question 83

Who said that you can't do a big scale history of the world; you need to focus?

Answer 83

Polybios

Question 84

Who said. “The chief cause of success or failure in all matters is the form of a state’s constitution”?

Answer 84

Polybios

Question 85

Which ancient author does Polybios accuse of trying to arouse pity and the attention of his readers for awful stories and horrors of the past?

Answer 85

Phylarchus

Question 86

According to Polybios, who should have permission to write history?

Answer 86

Men of action --> Those who have experienced the things they are writing about - Ex. Historians have to be soldiers, or generals, to write about war, for instance

Question 87

Why are Polybios's "Histories" so important?

Answer 87

- Sets new standards for writing history and for a historian - Provides much information of the 3rd-2nd centuries BC, especially through the growth of Roman power - Doctrine of “mixed” constitution had powerful political influence on early USA and American constitution with separate powers with balances and checks based on what Polybius described