Week 9: Seleukids and Rome Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
What was the capital of the Seleukid Kingdom?
A
- Seleucia for the east
- Antioch for the west
- Or, wherever the King happened to be
2
Q
By _______ BC, Seleukid territory had been reduced to just southern Turkey and Lebanon.
A
120 BC
3
Q
What were the main cities of the western Seleukid Empire?
A
- Antioch
- Apameia
- Seleukia
- Laodikea
4
Q
True or False: Cities are fewer and further between in the east in Seleukid Asia.
A
TRUE
5
Q
True or False: The Seleukids gave their local satraps a lot of independence.
A
TRUE
6
Q
What was the Seleukid economic system?
A
- No standardized economic system
- No attempt at any legal or economic consistency
7
Q
Where did Seleukid kings spend most of their time?
A
- The Syrian coast
8
Q
Define: Komai
A
- Seleukid villages
9
Q
Define: Katoikiai
A
- Seleukid veterans settlements in the west
10
Q
Define: Phouria
A
- Seleukid veterans settlements in the east
11
Q
Which deity was the patron of the Seleukid Empire?
A
Apollo
12
Q
True or False: No city in the Seleukid realm was fully Hellenized.
A
TRUE
13
Q
Where in the Seleukid Empire could one see a Greek style city modeled on top of an old Egyptian complex?
A
Damascus
14
Q
At which archeological site was found several scrolls preserved after being impressed into the mud after a Yhuezi raid several hundred years earlier?
A
Ai-Khanoum
15
Q
What is the premier city of the Seleukid Empire early in in the 3rd c. BC?
A
Antioch
16
Q
Which Indian ruler takes the Indo-Greek Kingdom in exchange for 500 elephants?
A
Chandragupta
17
Q
Which satrap rules the newly independent Bactria?
A
Diodotus
18
Q
How many Syrian wars were there?
A
Six
19
Q
Generally speaking, how did the Seleukids do in the Syrian Wars?
A
Quite poorly
20
Q
Which Ptolemaic ruler managed to reach all the way to Babylon during the 3rd Syrian War?
A
Ptolemy III
21
Q
Which two claimant brothers fought eachother for control of Asia-Minor?
A
Seleukos II and Antiochus Hierax
22
Q
Who was the only one of Alexander’s officers NOT to divorce his Persian wife?
A
Seleukos
23
Q
True or False: Rulers depicted on Seleukid coinage denotes precisely who was ruling when it was minted
A
FALSE
The rulers depicted on Seleukid coinage do NOT necessarily denote who was ruling when it was minted
24
Q
Which Seleukid king attacks Egypt in the 4th Syrian War at the Battle of Raphia?
A
Antiochus III
25
Who is the only Seleukid called “The Great”?
Antiochus III
26
Define: The “Great Anabasis”
Antiochus IIIs more diplomatic attempt to retake Bactria
27
What is the result of the Great Anabasis?
- The Bactrian king vows to be a vassal of the Seleukid Empire
28
Who is the first Seleukid king to fight Rome?
Antiochus III
29
At which battle does Antiochus III ally himself with the Macedonians to fight Rome?
The Battle of Magnesia 190 BC
30
True or False: Antiochus III is not always successful, but he is always energetic, persistent and tries
TRUE
31
After losing at Magnesia, which humiliating concessions does Antiochus III have to give to Rome?
- 15 000 talents tribute
- Rome also gets to control what goes on in Asia Minor
32
What occured at the Peace of Apameia 188 BC?
* Rome divides Asia Minor between Pergamon and Rhodes
* Antiochus III has to return Hannibal to Rome
* Antiochus III has to pay 15 000 T to Rome
33
Who helped Antiochus IV kill his brother, Seleukos IV, in order to take the throne?
Eumenes II of Pergamon
34
Which Seleukid king does the Roman general Linus draw a line around cautioning him to choose his next step wisely?
Antiochus IV
35
Which Seleukid ruler was most famous for mistreating the Jews?
Antiochus IV
36
True or False: Antiochus IV demanded to be worshiped as a god
TRUE
37
What sparked the Maccabean Revolt?
Antiochus IV's demand to be worshipped as a god
38
Why does Antiochus IV decide to embark on a warring anabasis (unlike the diplomatic one Antiochus III did)?
- To recreate Alexander's journey and empire
- He is assasinated during this attempt
39
What year is commonly seen as a turning point in Seleukid history?
146 BC
40
What did the Romans do when Antiochus IV violently took the Seleukid throne?
- They held his brother Demetrios captive in Rome (Antiochus didn't care)
41
Which Seleukid king was held hostage in Rome?
Demetrios I Soter
42
Which Seleukid ruler took back Babylonia from the Parthians?
Demetrios I Soter
43
What do the Romans do when they begin to feel uneasy about Demetrios I Soter's success?
- They send, Alexander I Balas, a pro-Roman claimant to go take the Seleukid throne and assasinate Demetrios
44
Which Seleukid ruler was most notably a Roman puppet?
Alexander I Balas
45
Who is seen as the last ever competent ruler on the Seleukid throne?
Antiochus VII
46
Which Seleukid ruler promised the Jews for their own state?
Antiochus VII
47
In which year does the Seleukid Empire kill itself from internal squabbles?
64 BC
48
Which Ptolemaic princess was married to Alexander I Soter for diplomatic reasons, later rising to the Seleukid throne as a consort?
Cleopatra Thea
49
Ultimately, how does Rome deal with the Seleukids?
Rome sits back and lets the internal squabbles of the Seleukid realm cave in on itself
50
Which Armenian king teamed up with Rome in order to defeat the Seleukids?
Tigranes the Great of Armenia
51
Who was the last legitimate ruler of the Seleukid Dynasty?
- Philip Philadelphus
52
Which Syracusan tyrant famously sided with Rome after the Phyrric Wars?
Hieron II
53
What happened to Syracuse after Hieron IIs death?
His son succeeds, and is violently anti-Roman, so Rome takes over the city by siege in 211 BC
54
At which naval battle between the Illyrians and the Greek leagues were Italian merchant ships caught in the middle and sunk?
The Sea-Battle of Paxos, 229 BC
55
Who do the Romans accuse for the sinking of Italian merchant vessels during the battle of Paxos?
Queen Teuta of Illyria
56
Why did Rome want Illyria?
- Illyria had a lucrative slave trade, and Rome wanted her ports
57
Who is Romes' puppet king in Illyria after toppling Queen Teuta?
Demetrios of Pharos
58
Who does Demetrios of Pharos defect to?
Macedonia
59
Who convinced Philip V to ally himself with Hannibal?
Demetrios of Pharos
60
Why did Rome intervene in the Second Macedonian War (219 BC)?
- Rome intervenes to save Illyrian cities from Demetrios of Pharos, who has switched to the Macedonian side in 219 BC
61
In what year did Philip V formally ally himself with Hannibal?
215 BC
62
Why did Rome fight Antiochus III?
- Because of Aetolian League complaints of Antiochus III's expansionism
63
What did the Aetolians do when they are dissatisfied with Rome's lack of support against Antiochus III in 192 BC?
- They assassinate king Nabis of Sparta, and invite Antiochus III to expand south
64
At which battle did the Romans decisively defeat Antiochus III?
- Thermopolaye
65
At which treaty are Antiochus III and the Aetolians forced to settle a humiliating peace with Rome? In what year was this?
Peace of Apameia in 188 BC
66
How did Rome weaken the Achaean League?
- By supporting Sparta
67
True or False: Democratic poleis were typically anti-Roman.
TRUE
68
True or False: Despite democratic poleis being anti-Roman, city elites were typically pro-Roman or pro-Macedonian
TRUE
69
In what years was Macedonia a protectorate of Rome?
From 168-146 BC
70
Which self-proclaimed son of King Perseus revolted against Rome?
Andriscus (Philip VI)
71
What marked the end of Macedonian independence?
The failure of the revolt of Andriscus/Philip VI in 148 BC
72
In what year did the Romans sack Corinth? Why?
- 146 BC
- Because Corinth revolted against Rome
73
Which Greek city was most famously sacked by Rome for revolting?
Corinth
74
Define: Via Egnatia
Roman road across the Balkans that the Romans built in case of further insurgencies
75
Which Greek city was famously sacked by Sulla in 86 BC?
Athens
76
Who was the most famous king of Pontos?
Mithridates VI
77
True or False: Mithridates VI wasn’t ethnically Greek, he was Persian, but claimed to be Greek
TRUE
78
How did Mithridates VI get his name the "poison king"?
- He built immunity to poison by taking micro-doses
- He tried to commit suicide with poison, but failed due to his immunity
79
Who does Mithridates VI of Pontos ally himself with to seize Paphlagonia?
Nikomedes III of Bithynia
80
Who do the Romans send initially to invade Pontos due to Mithridates VI's expansionism?
- Ariobarzanes
81
When were the 3 Mithridatic Wars?
- 89-63 BC
82
How did Mithridates VI die?
- He had a companion impale him with a spear (since the poison didn't work)
83
What caused the First Mithridatic War ?
- 80 000 Italians in Asia Minor get massacred in 88 BC
- Mithridates VI claims to have done it
- Romans are furious
84
What tyrant does Mithridates VI install in Athens?
Aristion of Athens
85
Which treaty ended in Rome's humiliation of Mithridates VI of Pontos?
Peace of Dardanos (85 BC)
86
Where did Mithridates VI get his mercenaries?
Thracians from the Black Sea region
87
What general did the Romans send to fight Mithridates VI?
Sulla
88
Seeing that he could not defeat Mithridates VI in a pitched battle, what strategy did Sulla resort to?
- Slaughtering and pillaging
89
Why did Cleopatra VII use mostly cheap bronze coinage?
She wants the support of the lower echelons of society
90
Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the language of the Egyptians?
Cleopatra VII
91
According to Plutarch, Cleopatra's charisma did not come from her looks, but rather, __________________
Her intelligence and cleverness
92
True or False: Caesar initiated the romance with Cleopatra.
FALSE
- Cleopatra initiated it
93
Which brother does Cleopatra murder?
Ptolemy XIV
94
Who is Cleopatra and Caesar's son?
Ptolemy 15th Caesareon
95
Who does Cleopatra name as co-ruler after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC?
Their son, Ptolemy 15th Caesareon
96
At which battle does Marc Antony defeat Brutus?
Phillipii
97
What did Cleopatra manage to bargain for in exchange for allowing Marc Antony to co-rule Egypt with her?
- All of Rome's eastern possessions
98
Define: The “Donations of Alexandra” 34 BC
→ Antony officially hands over Romes possessions to Cleopatra and Antony’s children
99
Which territory is delegated to Caesareon after the Donations of Alexandria in 34 BC?
Cyprus
100
What were the 3 kids Cleopatra and Marc Antony had together?
- Alexander Helios
- Cleopatra Selene
- Ptolemy Philadelphos
101
At which battle did Octavian defeat Cleopatra and Marc Antony?
Actium 31 BC
102
The death of __________ marked the last of the Hellenistic kingdoms.
Cleopatra VII
103
What artifact depicting a spinning dancer is seen as a quintessential Hellenistic piece of art?
The Baker Dancer
104
What are some recurring themes in Hellenistic Art?
- Neoclassisism
- Hard to date
- Striving for effect
- Manipulates the viewer
105
Who famously said: “After 296 BC art ceased and did not revive until 152 BC”?
Pliny the Elder
106
True or False: Pausanias mentions almost no art or architecture completed after about 250 BC.
TRUE
107
Who were two notable Romans who collected Hellenistic art?
- Verres
- Cicero
108
What Roman hired two “Art Pimps” to steal Greek art from Sicily?
Verres
109
Which famous statue did Verres try to steal?
Hercules from Agrigentum
110
Who hypocritically attacked Verres for stealing Greek art?
Cicero
111
How was the Antikythera Mechanism dated?
- By dating pottery found on board the ship it was on
112
What classical Greek sculptor was famous for making the gods look like humans?
Praxiteles
113
Who was the official court sculptor of Alexander the Great?
Lyssipus
114
What sculptor specialized in deep-set eyes and dramatic turns of the heads to show pathos?
Scopas
115
What was the head to body ratio invented by Lyssipos?
1:7
116
Who said, “My mission is to Render Men as they Appear to be”?
Lyssipos
117
In his famous “Weary Heracles", how did Lyssipos humanize Heracles?
- By making him look exhausted
118
The art at the Temple of Despoina at Lykisoura best represents the Hellenistic artistic trend of _______
Truphe
119
How do we know that the Neo-Attic relief from Piraeus was a Roman copy of Hellenistic Art?
Everyone is on tippy toes in the plaques
120
What was the nearest Greek city to Rome?
Naples (Neapolis)
121
What is the only place that Pliny actually does recognize and admire the art of during the Hellenistic era?
Pergamon
122
___________ is the home of Hellenistic Baroque
Pergamon
123
True or False: Hellenistic Art tends to try and depict people of all races and ethnicities
TRUE
124
True or False: Cute babies and baby animals start to be depicted in the Hellenistic era; an inclusion never before seen.
TRUE
125
What type of sexually ambiguous statue made the viewer question their own sexuality?
Hermaphrodite
126
What is the most notable feature of "Rich Style" sculptures?
- The thin robe alluding at nudity (though nudity is still tabooed)
127
What sculptor was the first to break the taboo surrounding naked statues?
Praxiteles
128
What is important about Praxiteles’ Aphrodite Statue?
It is the first major sculpture to depict nudity
129
True or False: Physical deformities start to be depicted in Hellenistic art.
TRUE
130
How did wealthy Romans demonstrate their refined knowledge of Greek culture in their sculpture portraits?
By depicting themselves as Greek athletes
