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Exercise Physiology > Week 10 - Training for Specific Populations > Flashcards

Week 10 - Training for Specific Populations Flashcards

1
Q

How does the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle impact thermoregulation

A

Thermoregulation is impaired

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2
Q

What is athletic amenorrhea

A

Cessation of menstruation due to modified release of hormones from hypothalamus

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3
Q

What % of female athletes develop athletic amenorrhea compared to general population

A

12 to 69% of female athletes versus 3% of general population

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4
Q

What are the causes of athletic amenorrhea

A

Amount of traijing (overtraining)
Increased psychological stress (catecholamines)
Low energy availability ( increased energy expenditure and/or restricted nutrient intake)

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5
Q

Whats dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation due to prostalglandins
May limit training due to discomfort

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6
Q

Whats anorexia nervosa

A

Extreme steps to reduce body weight

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7
Q

What are the techniques used for anoreixa nervosa

A

Starvation, excessive exercise, laxative use

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8
Q

What are the effects of anorexia nervosa

A

Excessive weight loss, Amenorrhea, Death

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9
Q

What is the treatment for anorexia nervosa

A

Psychological counseling, nutritional guidance

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10
Q

What is bullimia

A

Pattern of overeating (binging)
followed by patterns of vomiting (purging)

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11
Q

What are the effects of bullimia

A

Damage to teeth and esophagus due to vomiting of stomach acids

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12
Q

What is the treatment for bullimia

A

Requires professional support

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13
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mineral content

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14
Q

What are the major causes of osteoporosis

A

Estrogen deficiency due to amenorrhea
Inadequate calcium intake due to eating disorders

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15
Q

How can training help with osteoporosis

A

While training has been shown to reduce the rate of bone loss, exercise cannot completely reverse the process

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16
Q

What is the Female Athlete Triad

A

A medical problem commonly observed in physically active young girls and women

17
Q

What are some of the health consequences of the Female Athlete Triad

A

Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis

18
Q

What is the cause of the Female Athlete Triad

A

Low energy intake. This leads to health problems due to lack of energy required for maintaining cellular homeostasis

19
Q

Whats the difference in probability of knee injuries between men and women

A

Female athletes are at higher risk of certain knee injuries compared to men
3.5x higher risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury

20
Q

What are the possible reasons for the higher risk of knee injury in women then men

A

Fluctuation in hormones during menstrual cycle - may compromise ACL strength and proprioceptor feedback
Sex differences in knee anatomy - may be due to greater joint laxity in women
Dynamic neuromuscular imbalances - imbalanced strength, proprioception and landing biomechanics

21
Q

How does having Type 1 diabetes effect vigorous training

A

People with Type 1 diabetes can train vigorously provided they are free from diabetic/medical complications (microvascualar complications or neurpathy)
And can obtain the same benefits as nondiabetics

22
Q

How can a Type 1 Diabetic avoid hypoglycemia to ensure safe participation

A

Combination of exercise, diet, and insulin (through lightweight blood pumps) for optimal blood glucose control
Have a carbohydrate snack or drink available during exercise

23
Q

How does exercise impact where the insulin injection site should be

A

Should be away from working muscle to prevent increased rate of uptake and hypoglycemia

24
Q

What is sarcopenia

A

Age-related loss of muscle mass

25
Q

What causes sarcopenia

A

Decrease muscle fiber size
Decreased number of fibers

26
Q

What are some contributing factors to sarcopenia

A

Inactivity
Oxidative stress to muscle fibers
Inflammation
Decreased anabolic hormones such as testosterone

27
Q

To what extent does muscle mass decline after age 50

A

1 to 2%

28
Q

How does aging effect endurance performance

A

Endurance performance declines after age 60

29
Q

How does vo2 max decline with age

A

Vo2 max declines approximately 1% per year after 40
However training can slow but not prevent this decline

30
Q

What causes the age related decay in maximal oxygen extraction

A

Due to decreased capillary density and mitochondrial volume

31
Q

What are the training guidelines for masters athletes

A

Be aware of overtraining symptoms
Training programme should be individualised
Medical clearance must be obtained
Avoid overuse injuries (implement rest days)

Exercise Physiology (21 decks)

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