Week 11

Question 1

What are the bones of the knee?

Answer 1

Distal Femur
Patella
Proximal Tibia

Question 2

True/False
The Tibia is more laterally located and articulates with both the knee and the ankle.

Answer 2

False
The Tibia is more MEDIALLY located and articulates with both the knee and the ankle.

Question 3

Medial and Lateral Condyles

Femur

Answer 3

The rounded projections of the femur

Question 4

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

Femur

Answer 4

Proximal to the condyles

Question 5

The fibula is smaller and only articulates with the…
A. Tibia
B. Femur
C. Ankle
D. None of the above

Answer 5

C. Ankle
The fibula is smaller and only articulates with the ankle.

Question 6

Fibula

Answer 6

An attatchment site for the biceps femoris and the lateral collateral ligament

Attaches to the tibia both proximally and distally

DOES NOT connect to the knee but splints the lateral side of the tibia to maintain its vertical alignment.

Question 7

True/False
The tibiofemoral joint is considered to be a hinge joint that’s uniaxial.

Answer 7

False
The tibiofemoral joint is considered to be a hinge joint that’s BIAXIAL.

Question 8

What is the main load bearing structure of the knee?

Answer 8

Tibial Plateaus

Menisci are the 2 fibrocartilaginous joint discs that provide joint stability by deepening the contact surface on the tibia

Question 9

What type of packed position is the knee when it is in full extension and dorsal foot flexion?

Answer 9

Closed-Packed Position

Question 10

What is the resting position for the knee?
A. 15 Degrees of Flexion
B. 20 Degreees of Flexion
C. 25 Degrees of Flexion
D. 30 Degrees of Flexion

Answer 10

C. 25 Degrees of Flexion

Question 11

What types of motion can the knee perform?

Answer 11

Flexion/Extension
Limited Ab/Adduction (if knee is flexed)
Medial and Lateral Rotation (aka internal/external rotation)

Question 12

Patella

Answer 12

“Small Plate”

A sesamoid bone that protects the tendon by diminishing friction and alters the direction of the tendon’s angle of pull.

Cartilage is 4-5mm thick

Question 13

True/False
The patella lengthens the level arm of the quadriceps muscle force around the center of rotation by centralizing these forces into one concerted direction of pull.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 14

The patella is in the quadriceps tendon that articulates with the anterior aspect of the distal femur.

This lets you kneel, sit, squat, and walk up and down stairs

Question 15

What are the three muscles that make up the hamstings?

Answer 15

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris

Question 16

Where are menisci located?

Answer 16

Within the knee

Anchored by the coronary and transverse ligaments.

Question 17

Causes of a Torn Meniscus

Answer 17

• Aging
• Injury (usually from sports football,tennis, and basketball)
• Degenerative diseases (ex. Osteoarthritis)
• Forceful rotation or twisting of the knee such as sudden stops and turns
• Putting body’s full weight on the knee such as kneeling, deep squatting, or lifting heavy objects

Question 18

Treatment for Torn Meniscus

Answer 18

Medication
Rest
Ice
Surgery

Question 19

True/False
The tibia is the primary weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Genu Varus is also called…

Answer 20

Bowleg
or inward angulation of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 21

Genu Valgus is also called…

Answer 21

Knock-Knee
or the tibia beginning to angle outward

Question 22

True/False
A higher foot arch often contributes to instability.

Answer 22

True

With less contact between the bottom of the foot and ground surface there is less stability.

However, the flatter the arch the less able to absorb ground forces.

Question 23

Screw-Home Mechanism

Answer 23

Screw-Home mechanisms “locks” the knee, tightening the fomoral condyles within their tibial receptacles in full extension, its closed-pack position, which enhances stability.

Question 24

What movement does the ankle perform?

Answer 24

Dorsiflexion(extension) and plantar flexion
Inversion (supination), eversion (pronation), and slight rotation

Question 25

**What joints form the ankle?**

Answer 25

Talocrural Joint Subtalar Joint

Question 26

**Talocrural Joint** | Ankle

Answer 26

Hinge Joint, Uniaxial Performs dorsiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion of the ankle

Question 27

**Subtalar Joint** | Ankle

Answer 27

Allows for inversion (supination;moves toes laterally out) and eversion (pronation; moves toes in medially) of the ankle. | Also known as the talocalcaneal joint

Question 28

**What are the flexors of the knee?**

Answer 28

Hamstrings Popliteus

Question 29

**What are the extensors of the knee?**

Answer 29

Quadriceps

Question 30

**What are the three sections of the foot?**

Answer 30

Rearfoot Midfoot Forefoot

Question 31

**Common Joints of the Foot AND Ankle**

Answer 31

Ankle: Tibiotalar Joint Talonavicular Joint Subtalar Joint Foot: Calcaneocuboid Joint Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint

Question 32

**True/False** The transverse tarsal joint moves through all three cardinal planes.

Answer 32

**True** Talonavicular Joint *Ball and socket joint that allows for inverting, everting, dorsiflexion and plantar flexing Articulation of the Navicular and talus bones.* Calcaneocuboid Joint *Distal surface of the calcaneus and the proximal surface of the cuboid bone. Less joint flexibility, provides stability to this area.* | Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid Joint make up the Transverse Tarsal Joint

Question 33

**When Does Drop Foot Occur?**

Answer 33

When there is damage to the peroneal nerve; Peripheral Nerve Damage (compression of the spinal cord) or Associated with CVA or another CNS related condition

Question 34

**When a client has drop foot they are unable to perform BLANK of the ankle.** A. Inversion B. Plantar Flexion C. Eversion D. Dorsiflexion

Answer 34

**D. Dorsiflexion** When a client has drop foot they are unable to perform dorsiflexion of the ankle

Question 35

**Treatment for Drop Foot**

Answer 35

PT to Strengthen the Muscles Surgery to Decompress the Nerve OT Instruction on Donning/Doffing AFO | Client may wear an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) to stabilize the ankle.

Question 36

**Common Pathologies of the Foot**

Answer 36

Achilles Tendonitis Plantar fasciitis Hammer toe, mallet toe, claw toe Bunion- hallux valgus

Question 37

**Achilles Tendonitis**

Answer 37

Cumulative trauma injury of achilles tendon (which attaches calf muscles to calcaneous)

Question 38

**Risk Factors of Achilles Tendonitis**

Answer 38

Age Sex Flat Arches Obesity Tight Calf Muscles Activity Medications

Question 39

**Plantar Fasciitis**

Answer 39

Inflammation of plantar fascia (which is thick connective tissue that connects calcaneous to toes) Stabbing pain (increased intensity in the morning)

Question 40

**Risk Factors of Plantar Fasciitis**

Answer 40

Running Ballet Dancing Being Overweight Flat Feet or High Arch Prolonged Time on Feet Unknown