week 11 Flashcards
1
Q
Spread of english
A
- language as a tool of colonialism
- language as a part of identity
- large scale settlements
- snowball effect
- globalisation
- internet
2
Q
consequences of spread of English
A
marginalisation of others and language death
3
Q
Kachru’s model: inner circle
A
used at home
1st language
norm-providing
4
Q
Kachru’s model: outer circle
A
history of colonisation
2nd language
norm-developing
5
Q
Kachru’s model: expanding circle
A
no colonisation
English used to communicate with other languages
norm-dependent
6
Q
Ousting of Scottish
A
deliberate policies in 18th century
Scotland Jacobite rebellion: English medium teaching
7
Q
Celtic varieties
A
structural transfer: borrowing of syntactic/phonetic items
calquing: word-by-word translations
8
Q
American English
A
- dutch loans
- retentions (vocab, syntax and pronunciation)
9
Q
Creole
A
contact language
used as a first language
fully functioning grammar and lexicon
lexifier language = superstrate = dominant language
