Week 11 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Cycle of Technology Panics (Orben 2020)
- be careful not to panic
- consider radio, TV comics, etc.
- we tend to greet every new invention
- with a new technology as being harmful to children
- were all once new
- with fear such that it impedes adoption and progress
Cycle of Technology Panics (Orben 2020) Pt 2
- psychological and sociological factors lead to
- politicians encourage the use of technology panics
- scientists start working on a new technology
- scientific progress is too slow to guide effective technology policy and cycle restarts because
- a society becoming worried about a new technology
- for political gain
- but lack theoretical and methodological frameworks to guide work efficiently
- a new technology gains popularity and garners public policy and academic attention
Positive Aspects of Social Media
- social media is social
- social media increases well-being through social connection
- relationship maintenance
- community
- emotional connectedness
- coping through difficult periods
- entertainment
Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation (Primack et al. 2017)
- surveyed — Americans — years
- examined
- those who used SM the most
- young adults with high SMU
- 1800 and 19-32
- social media use and social isolation
- had 3x rate of social isolation than those who used it least with a linear dose effect
- feel more socially isolated than those with lower SMU
Time spent on social media and psychological well-being (Huang 2017)
- mean correlation (r = -0.07) was
- correlation between time spent on social networking and positive indicators
- correlations between time spent on social networking sites and negative indicators (depression and loneliness)
- A 2022 meta-analysis of 33 studies found
- low
- was close to zero
- were present but small (0.17)
- no evidence of screening media contributed to suicidal ideation or other mental health outcomes
social media and mental health
- post hoc fallacy
- problems with
- mental health
- hard to report time on social media
- links very small
- issues with
- problem with
- no evidence of causality
- way we measure and define social media use
- often poorly defined
- people are terrible at estimating it
- with directionality
- poor adherence
Longitudinal association between social media use and depressive symptoms in adolescents (Heffer et al. 2019)
- While often assumed that social media use may lead to depressive symptoms
- This small effect was replicated in an 8 years longitudinal study with 5492 adolescents
- these results indicate this assumption may be unwarranted
- measured life satisfaction and social media frequency
Summary of association between social media use and depressive symptoms (Coyne et al. 2020)
- social media use is not
- social media effects nuanced
- another longitudinal study found
- In and of itself, a strong predictor of life satisfaction
- small at best, reciprocal over time, gender-specific, and contingent on analytic methods
- no association between time spent on SM and mental health
Enhancement versus compensation (Kim et al. 2019)
- social enhancement model
- social compensation model
- the rich get richer, those who feel strong socially will feel confident exploring relationships online, no social support more anxiety
- poor get richer, building relationships online than people with sufficient social resources, spending more time online would interfere with existing relationships for socially rich
Limiting social media (Hunt et al. 2018)
- Those assigned to limit SM
- Both groups showed significant decreases
- use showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression
- in anxiety and FOMO compared to baseline
Put the phone away at meals (Dwyer et al. 2018)
- Having a phone present
- Those who had a phone
- Participants who abstained from one week of FB
- led to lower evaluations of empathy
- reported more distraction and lower enjoyment of a meal
- reported higher life satisfaction as well as real-world social interactions
How technology deliberately harms our ability to pay attention to its current business model
- 6 key points
1. Ramps up
2. Free
3. Making content
4. Train our minds
5. Algorithms designed
6. Sells private data
- Interruptions and attention switching with notifications and ways to manipulate a return
- Offer free things
- More negative
- To crave reward
- To make you angry with decreased attention to details
- To the highest bidder to change behavior
Social Isolation Lack of Social Relationships Evidence ( Holt-Lunstad et al. 2010)
- negative effect on life expectancy equivalent to
- perceived lack of social ties 40% more likely
- 50% increased likelihood
- smoking 15 cigarettes a day
- to be dead at follow-up than those who felt connected
- of survival for participants with stronger social ties
Importance of Social Connection (Diener & Seligman 2002)
- very happy people were
- More extroverted
- Compared with less happy groups
- No variable was sufficient for happiness, but
- Members of the happiest group experienced positive, but not ecstatic, feelings most of the time, and
- Suggests very happy people have a functioning
- highly social, and had stronger romantic and other social relationships than less happy groups
- more agreeable, and less neurotic
- happiest respondents did not exercise significantly more, participate in religious activities significantly more, or experience more objectively defined good events
- good social relations were necessary
- reported occasional negative moods
- emotion system that reacts appropriately to life events
Modifiable factors for prevention of low mood (Choi et al. 2020)
- Impact of trusted social connections
as
- Confiding in others showed
- Trusted social connection was the strongest protective factor
- Social connections emerged as most
- causally protective for depression
- strongest effects
- for depression
- robust predictor
Harvard Study of Adult Development (Waldinger & Schulz, 2010)
- Men who were “generative” (taking perspective beyond one’s own life) in their 50s, were more likely
- Those more connected are
- Loneliness is toxic – isolation leads to more
-
- to be thriving in their 80s
- happier and physically healthier and live longer
- unhappiness, more susceptibility to viral infections, greater declines in health and brain function and they live shorter lives
Increasing Social Connections (Epley & Schroeder 2014)
- Participants reported a more positive (and no less productive)
- Separate participants in each context, however, expected precisely opposite outcome
- experience when they connected than when they did not
- predicting a more positive experience in solitude
Social integration and subjective well-being (Appau et al. 2018)
- Found social integration associated
- An increase in the frequency of interaction with one’s neighbors associated
- An increase in respondents’ perceived strength of belonging to their immediate neighborhood (and country)
- An increase in the length of residence in a neighborhood associated
- Urban planners could incorporate shared spaces that enable
- with higher levels of subjective wellbeing
- with an increase in subjective wellbeing
- associated with an increase in subjective wellbeing
- “…”
- social interaction on a high-frequency basis
Social integration and subjective well-being (Appau et al. 2018) Part Two
- Individuals with higher forms of social capital more easily
- find employment
- earn higher income
- have more access to valuable info
- have more social safety nets
- manage conflict better
- have more social control and influence over others
- enjoy social solidarity even with weak ties
