Week 11; ethics Flashcards
1
Q
What is the systematic study of what a person’s conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human beings, and the environment
A
ethics
2
Q
true or false: ethics is right and wrong
A
true
3
Q
What is ethics a system of
A
moral conduct and principles that guide a person’s actions in regard to right and wrong
4
Q
What do you have to have regard for with ethics?
A
to oneself and society
5
Q
What is making a choice between two or more equally undesirable alternatives?
A
ethical dilemma
6
Q
What is vital in ethical decision making?
A
self-awareness
7
Q
What is accepting the responsibility of one’s choice. Promotes self-determination and freedom of choice?
A
autonomy
8
Q
What are actions taken in an effort to promote good?
A
beneficence
9
Q
What limits freedom of choice. The authority to make a decision for another person?
A
paternalism
10
Q
What is the good of many outweighs the needs of the individual?
A
utility
11
Q
What equals to be treated the same and unequal’s treated according tho their differences?
A
Justice
12
Q
What is an obligation to tell the truth?
A
veracity
13
Q
What is when you need to keep promises and commitments?
A
fidelity
14
Q
What is the privacy of another and to hold certain information in strict confidence?
A
Confidentiality
15
Q
What kind of information do you keep private?
A
privileged info
16
Q
When is it ok to break confidentiality?
A
in a life threatening situation
17
Q
What is one tool managers can use for guidance in ethical problem solving?
A
professional code of ethics
18
Q
What is a code of ethics?
A
a set of principles, established by a profession, to guide the individual practitioner.
19
Q
When was the first code of ethics adopted?
A
by the ANA in 1950
20
Q
What do professional code of ethics not have?
A
power of law
21
Q
What do the professional code of ethics act as a guide to?
A
to the highest standards of ethical practice for nurses
22
Q
What does the professional code of ethics define?
A
the scope and standards of practice of nursing
23
Q
What are the ANA code of ethics?
A
- The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.
- The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group or community.
- The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient.
- The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum patient care.
- The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, & to continue personal and professional growth.
- The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health-care environments and conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality health care & consistent with the values of the profession through individual & collective action.
- The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge, development.
- The nurse collaborates with other health professionals & the public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health needs.
- The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy.
24
Q
What are the reasons Why Ethics Is Becoming a Greater Force in Management Decision Making?
A
- Increasing technology, regulatory pressures, and competitiveness among health care providers
- National nursing shortages
- Reduced fiscal resources
- Costs of supplies and salaries
- The public’s increasing distrust in the health care delivery system, and with different institutions
25
What are ethics in nursing?
values and norms of the nursing profession
26
True or false: clinical nurses have the same ethical responsibilities than a manager.
false; they have different ones
27
Management is what rather than what? but has what?
a. a discipline rather than a profession.
| b. has norms and values of the organization.
28
What is there difference between in ethics in nursing?
There is a difference between personal, organizational, subordinate and consumer responsibilities, great potential for nursing managers to experience intrapersonal conflict about the appropriate course of action
29
What must a manager have in order to make an ethical decision?
must have knowledge of ethical principles and frameworks
30
Organizations must have what in order to make ethical decisions?
must have ethics committees, institutional review boards, and professional code of ethics
31
Clinical nurses must be aware of what in ethical decisions?
be aware of the ethical principles, frameworks and different committees to deal with ethical dilemmas
32
What kind of ethical issues includes moral uncertainty, moral conflict, moral distress, moral outrage and ethical dilemmas?
moral issues
33
What kind of ethical issue is when an individual is unsure which moral principles or values apply?
moral uncertainty/moral conflict
34
What kind of ethical issues happens when the nurse knows the right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action. (pt. wants DNR, doctors want to continue with care)?
moral distress
35
What kind of ethical issue occurs when the nurse witnesses the immoral act of another, but feels powerless to stop it?
moral outrage
36
what kind of ethical theory is about the needs and wants of individual are diminished, the greatest good for greatest number of people?
teleological theory
37
What kind of ethical theory is when a person judges whether the action is right or wrong regardless of the consequences. Uses duty-based reasoning and rights-based reasoning?
deonotological theory
38
What kind of theory is where ethical framework some decisions must be made because there is a duty to do something or refrain from doing something?
duty based reasoning
39
What kind of theory is when belief that some things are a person’s just due. Rights are different from needs, wants or desires?
rights-based reasoning
40
What kind of theory is where individuals make decisions based only on what seems right or reasonable according to their value system?
ethical relativism
41
What kind of theory is where ethical principles are universal and constant, that ethical decision making should not vary as a result of individual circumstances or cultural differences?
ethical universalism
42
Who developed the decision-making model in 1985?
Crisham
43
What are the moral decision-making model?
1. message the dilemma
2. outline options
3. review criteria & resolve
4. affirm position and act
5. look back
44
What do you do when you massage the dilemma in the moral decision-making model?
collect data about the ethical problem & who should be involved in the decision-making process.
45
What do you do when you outline options in the moral decision-making model?
Identify alternatives, and analyze the causes and consequences of each.
46
What do you do when you review criteria and resolve in the moral decision-making model?
weigh the options against the values of those involved?
47
What do you do when you affirm position and act in the moral decision-making model?
Develop the implementation strategy
48
What do you do when you look back in the moral decision-making model?
Evaluate the decision making
49
What is a form of the decision-making model?
nursing process
50
What do individuals forget to do at times with systematic problem-solving/decision making model?
Individuals forget at times to include alternatives or to evaluate the results in decision making.
51
What is the structured approach to problem solving?
data gathering, multiple alternatives are analyzed and used to problem solve.
52
What are nursing boundaries?
- Respecting patients dignity
- Right to self-determination
- Delegating tasks appropriately
- Practicing good judgement
- Accepting accountability in practice
- Alleviating suffering- this can be a grey area?
- Being attentive to patients interests
- Working within the nurse practice acts and nursing standards of practice
- Nurse-to-Nurse relationships, nurse-to-physician, nurse-to- patient, multidisciplinary collaboration.
- Self-Care/development boundaries- advancing knowledge/research, competencies, self-respect and professional growth
53
What is the chief goal of ethics?
1. Determine right from wrong
2. Collect, analyze and interpret the data
3. State the dilemma
4. Consider the choices of action
5. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the situation
6. Make the decision
54
Who makes up a multidisciplinary team as an ethics committee?
Chaplin, Doctors, Nurses, Social Worker, Case Manager, and sometimes this includes patients.
55
What does your organization also have to look at the siutation especially if there is an incident?
institutional review boards
56
What are legal controls?
clear and impartial
57
What are ethical controls?
unclear and individualized
58
What are characteristics of ethical decision making for a nurse leader?
Professional approach
Eliminate trial and error
Focuses on proven decision-making models
Organizational problem-solving processes
59
What are end of life issues?
What is End of Life mean to you?
Is there a Living Will, DNR status with your patient?
How will we handle our patient, and family when the patient is at the end of life?
What are the words we will use to comfort the patient and family?
Patient at the end of life is given morphine frequently, is this ethical?
Where do we stand as Nurse’s to be ethically justified when caring for a End of Life Patient?
Patient Self-Determination Act- Written information regarding state laws, right to make healthcare decisions, refuse or withdraw treatments, and written Directives.
Financial Situations- Retirement/Obligations
Health Insurance Concerns
60
What are strategies for end of life issues?
Communicating and Listening to patients and families
Incorporating Integrative Nursing Principles
Discussion with Physician on patients situation
Donor Network- who and when to call
Team meetings on End of Life
Patients care - postmortem care- who to notify, care of the body, debriefing
Ethics team involvement
Patient advocate- differentiate between controlling the patient and assisting the patient choices
Patient Resources: Case Manager, Social Worker, Financial Consultant
61
What age does the patient right to die?
>18 years old
62
What must the patient have in order to have the right to die?
to make medical decisions
63
What state must the patient be in in order to have a right to die?
Must have a terminal disease expected to result in death within 6 months
64
What is the California end of life options act?
patient to make two verbal requests in 15 days and one written that is signed dated and witnessed by two adults.
65
What can patients do at any time with a right to die?
rescind for the request
66
What happens with the prescription before dying voluntarily?
Prescription is given to the patient once filled the patient has to fill out the “Final Attestation for an aid in Dying Drug to End my Life in a Humane and Dignified Manner” with in 48 hours before self-administering the medication. The Death certificate “shall not constitute suicide”
67
What must happen in Canada for the "Patients right to Die"?
needs to be signed by 2 physicians
