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Pharm 716 > Week 11 - GI > Flashcards

Week 11 - GI Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Antacids MOA

A

neutralize gastric acidity

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2
Q

Antacids magnesium AE

A

diarrhea

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3
Q

Antacids aluminum and calcium AE

A

constipation

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4
Q

Antacids AE

A

effervescent (fizzy) have high sodium, DDI bc of altered pH, alter elctrolyte absorption in GI

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5
Q

When should you avoid antacids with other oral meds?

A

within 2 hours of taking other oral meds

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6
Q

H2 receptor antagonists MOA

A

reduce secretion of stimulated acid

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7
Q

H2 receptor antagonists AE

A

diarrhea, muscle pain, rashes

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8
Q

H2 receptor antagonists on drug list

A

famotidine (Pepsid) and ranitidine (Zantac)

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9
Q

PPI MOA

A

irreversibly inhibis H+/K+ ATPase pump which blocks secretion of acid into stomach

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10
Q

PPI AE

A

well-tolerated, long term use associated w/ gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism, some CV issues

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11
Q

PPI on drug list

A

-azole, omeprazole (Prilosec) and esomeprazole (Nexium)

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12
Q

7 drug classes for nausea

A

anticholinergics, antihistamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic, serotonin blockers, neurokinin-1 receptor blockers, cannabinoids

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13
Q

Anticholinergics MOA

A

binds to ACh receptor on vestibular nuclei to block communication

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14
Q

Anticholinergics AE

A

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficult urination

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15
Q

Antihistamines MOA

A

inhibit vestibular input to the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

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16
Q

Antihistamines AE

A

dizziness and sedation

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17
Q

What antiemetics are used for motion sickness?

A

antihistamines

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18
Q

Neuroleptic MOA

A

block dopamine receptors in CTZ

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19
Q

Neuroleptic AE

A

OH, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry eyes, urinary retention - long term use causes extrapyramidal symptoms

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20
Q

Prokinetic MOA

A

block dopamine in CTZ

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21
Q

Prokinetic AE

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A

sedation, diarrhea, weakness - prolong use causes extrapyramidal symptoms

22
Q

Serotonin blockers MOA

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A

block serotonin receptors in GI, CTZ, and vomiting center

23
Q

Serotonin blockers AE

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A

headache, dizziness, diarrhea

24
Q

Neurokinin 1 receptor blockers MOA

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A

block supstance P from binding to neurokinin 1 receptors - prevents central and peripheral stimulation of vomiting centers

25
Neurokinin 1 receptor blockers AE
sedation, GI issues, Stevens-Johnson
26
Cannabinoids MOA
unclear
27
Cannabinoids AE
ataxia, light-headedness, blurred vision, dry mouth, CNS symptoms
28
scopolamine (Transderm Scop) is in what class?
anticholinergic antiemetic
29
meclizine is in what class?
antihistamines antiemetic
30
metoclopramide is in what class?
prokinetic antiemetic
31
ondansetron (Zofran) is in what class?
serotonin blockers antiemetic
32
what are the 4 antidiarrheal agents?
absorbents, anticholinergics, intestinal flora modifiers, and opiates
33
Absorbents MOA
binds bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces
34
Absorbents AE
aspirin product so avoid with flu children, increase bleeding, GI bleed, tinnitus
35
Anticholinergics antidiarrheal MOA
inhibit parasympathetic to reduce peristalsis of GI tract
36
Anticholinergics antidiarrheal AE
stop PNS, decrease secretions (atropine AE), etc
37
intestinal flora modifiers MOA
restore natural balance of bacteria - great to take with antibiotic
38
Opiates MOA
decrease GI motility
39
Opiates AE
sedation, dizziness, constipation, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention
40
5 laxatives classes
bulk-forming, hyperosmotic, saline, emollient, and stimulant
41
stimulant MOA
stimulate peristalsis through enteric nervous system
42
stimulant AE
long term use can lead to dependence and loss of cell/colon function
43
emollient MOA
facilitate water and fab absorption into stool (fecal softeners)
44
emollient AE
well--tolerated, skin rash, decrease vitamin absorption, electrolyte imbalance
45
hyperosmotic MOA
draws fluid into colon by creating gradient
46
hyperosmotic AE
abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance
47
saline MOA
osmotic pressure pushes water into intestines
48
saline AE
salts may cause issues with individual with diminished cardiac or renal function
49
bulk forming MOA
increase water absorption to soften and increase bulk of feces
50
bulk forming AE
relatively safe, not for individuals with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Pharm 716 (10 decks)

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